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Botanische Staatssammlung München © 1995–2008
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Go to: Data maintenance  –  Nomenclature: Taxonomic Hierarchy  –  Nomenclature: Type Information  –  Nomenclature: Taxonomic Literature  –  Biogeography  –  Ecology  –  Thallus Morphology: General Morphology  –  Thallus Morphology: Outline  –  Thallus Morphology: Upper Thallus Surface  –  Thallus Morphology: Lower Thallus Surface  –  Thallus Anatomy: Upper Cortex  –  Thallus Anatomy: Lower Cortex  –  Ascocarp Morphology: General Ascocarp Morphology  –  Ascocarp Morphology: Margin  –  Ascocarp Morphology: Disk  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Exciple  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Epithecium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Hymenium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Interascal Hyphae  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Hypothecium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Asci  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Ascospores  –  Chemistry: Secondary Metabolites  –  Chemistry: Spot Tests  –  Index of all items of the project


Taxon name:



Data maintenance   back to top


1. Data set source [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. authentic     2. compiled     3. template     5. standard item
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


2. Data set author(s) [mandatory] [mandatory character]     28. Kainz C.     34. Kasalicky T.     59. Timdal E.  None selected () ()


6. Data set publication date



Nomenclature: Taxonomic Hierarchy   back to top


7. Current taxonomic status     1. accepted     2. basionymous
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8. Taxonomic rank [mandatory] [mandatory character]     2. species  None selected () ()


10. Taxon number

Lower range: Upper range:


11. Genus name [mandatory] [mandatory character] () ()


12. Synonyms


13. Family name [mandatory] [mandatory character]     107. Psoraceae Zahlbr. (1898)  None selected () ()


15. Order name     9. Lecanorales  None selected () ()



Nomenclature: Type Information   back to top


16. Basionym


17. Type


19. Protologue



Nomenclature: Taxonomic Literature   back to top

21. Taxonomic notes


22. Taxonomic literature



Biogeography   back to top


23. Hemisphere distribution    ()  1. Northern hemispheric ()


24. Floristic province {= zonal distribution} [mandatory] [mandatory character]    ()  14. cosmopolitan ()


25. Altitude [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. coastal     2. colline     3. submontane     4. montane     5. upper montane     6. subalpine     7. alpine
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


27. Continent distribution [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. Africa     2. Antarctica     3. Asia-Temperate     4. Australasia     5. Europe     6. Northern America     7. Southern America
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


28. Major geographic region     1. Northern Europe     2. Middle Europe     3. South-western Europe     4. South-eastern Europe     5. East Europe     6. Northern Africa     16. Siberia     17. Far Eastern Asia     18. Middle Asia     19. Caucasus     20. Western Asia     35. Subarctic America     36. Western Canada     37. Eastern Canada     38. North-western U.S.A.     39. North-Central U.S.A.     40. North-eastern U.S.A.     41. South-western U.S.A.     42. South-Central U.S.A.     43. South-eastern U.S.A.     44. North and Central Mexico     45. Mesoamerica     46. Caribbean     51. Subantarctic Islands
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29. European distribution records     1. Denmark     2. Finland     3. Faeroe Islands (Denmark)     4. United Kingdom     5. Iceland     6. Norway     7. Svalbard (= Spitsbergen; Norway)     8. Sweden     9. Austria     10. Benelux (Belgium & Luxembourg)     11. former Czechoslovakia (incl. Czech Republic & Slovacia)     12. Germany     13. Hungary     14. Netherlands     15. Poland     16. Switzerland (incl. Liechtenstein)     17. Balearic Islands     18. Corsica (France)     19. France (excl. Corsica)     20. Portugal     21. Sardinia (Italy)     22. Spain (incl. Andorra & Monaco)     23. Albania     24. Bulgaria     25. Greece     26. Italy (incl. San Marino & The Vatican City, excl. Sicily, Sardinia)     27. Crete     28. Romania     29. Sicilia (Italy)     30. European Turkey     31. Former Yugoslavia [incl. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Moldova, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia]     32. Belarus     33. Baltic States (Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia)     34. Crimea (Ukraine)     39. North-western Russia     40. Ukraine
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


30. African distribution records     4. Morocco     5. Tunisia
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


31. {temperate & continental} Asian distribution records     6. Southern Russia     7. Kazakhstan     8. Kyrgyzstan     9. Turkmenistan     10. Tajikistan     11. Uzbekistan     12. North Caucasus     13. Transcaucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan & Georgia)     34. Central Russia     35. Eastern Russia     36. Northern Russia     37. Altay (Russia: Gorno-Altaysk OR Mongolia: Govo-Altay ???)     38. Buryatiya (Russia)     39. Chitinskaya (Russia)     40. Irkutsk (Russia)     41. Krasnoyarsk (Russia)     42. Tyva (Russia)     43. West Siberia (Russia)     44. Yakutiya (Russia)     45. Amur (Russia)     46. Kamchatka (Russia)     47. Khabarovsk (Russia)     48. Kuril Islands (Russia)     49. Magadan (Russia)     50. Primorye (Vladivostok, Russia)     51. Sakhalin (Russia)
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


35. North American distribution records     1. Aleutian Is     2. Alaska (USA)     3. Greenland     4. Northwest Territories (Canada)     5. Yukon Territory (Canada)     6. Alberta (Canada)     7. British Columbia (Canada)     8. Manitoba (Canada)     9. Saskatchewan (Canada)     10. Labrador (Canada)     11. New Brunswick (Canada)     12. Newfoundland (Canada)     13. Nova Scotia (Canada)     14. Ontario (Canada)     15. Prince Edward Island (Canada)     16. Quebec (Canada)     17. Colarado (USA)     18. Idaho (USA)     19. Montana (USA)     20. Oregon (USA)     21. Washington (USA)     22. Wyoming (USA)     23. Illinois (USA)     24. Iowa (USA)     25. Kansas (USA)     26. Minnesota (USA)     27. Missouri (USA)     28. North Dakota (USA)     29. Nebraska (USA)     30. Oklahoma (USA)     31. South Dakota (USA)     32. Wisconsin (USA)     33. Connecticut (USA)     34. Indiana (USA)     35. Maine (USA)     36. Massachusetts (USA)     37. Michigan (USA)     38. New Hampshire (USA)     39. New Jersey (USA)     40. New York (USA)     41. Ohio (USA)     42. Pennsylvania (USA)     43. Rhode Island (USA)     44. Vermont (USA)     45. West Virginia (USA)     46. Arizona (USA)     47. California (USA)     48. Nevada (USA)     49. Utah (USA)     50. New Mexico (USA)     51. Texas (USA)     52. Alabama (USA)     53. Arkansas (USA)     54. Delaware (USA)     55. Florida (USA)     56. Georgia (USA)     57. Kentucky (USA)     58. Louisiana (USA)     59. Maryland (USA)     60. Mississippi (USA)     61. North Carolina (USA)     62. South Carolina (USA)     63. Tennessee (USA)     64. Virginia (USA)     65. District of Columbia (USA)     66. Central Mexico (Mexico)     67. Northeastern Mexico (Mexico)     68. Mexican Gulf Coast (Mexico)     69. Mexican Pacific Islands (Mexico)     70. Northwestern Mexico (Mexico)     71. Southwestern Mexico (Mexico)
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36. South and Central American and Carribean distribution records    ()  17. Jamaica ()


37. Antarctic distribution records     1. Amsterdam-St Paul Isles (French Southern and Antarctic Lands)     2. Bouvet Island (Territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice and Police from Oslo )     3. Crozet Isles (French Southern and Antarctic Lands)     4. Falkland Isles (Islas Malvinas; overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)     5. Heard and McDonald Islands (Australia)     6. Kerguelen Isles (French Southern and Antarctic Lands)     7. Macquarie Isles (Australia)     8. Marion Island and Prince Edward Island (South Africa)     9. South Georgia (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)     10. South Sandwich Isles (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)     11. Saint Helena & Tristan de Cunha (overseas territory of the UK)     12. Antarctica (governed by Antarctic Treaty; 45 treaty member nations including seven nations that claim portions of Antarctica as national territory: Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, UK)
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Ecology   back to top


45. Substrate preference [mandatory character]    ()  1. terricolous (on soil) ()


46. Thallus-substrate interaction     1. endosubstratic    ()  3. episubstratic
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47. Habitat insolation     1. sun-exposed     2. partially shaded     3. fully shaded
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


53. Rock substrate mineral content     1. non-calciferous (lacking calcites)     2. calciferous (containing calcites)
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Thallus Morphology: General Morphology   back to top


104. Thallus growth form [mandatory character]     1. indistinct     2. crustose ()
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105. Thallus primary subdivision    ()  1. continuous ()


108. Crustose growth organization     3. rimose     5. areolate (primarily areolate)     7. squamulose
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


114. Foliose lobe outline    ()  1. elongate ()


116. Foliose lobe orientation     1. horizontal     2. ascending     3. imbricate
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


117. Foliose lobe front     1. angular     2. rounded
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


132. Thallus parts width [numerical]

Max: Unit:
mm wide

134. Thallus parts thickness [numerical]
Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Unit:
mm thick



Thallus Morphology: Outline   back to top


164. Thallus margin structure     1. entire     9. crenulate     11. lobulate
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165. Thallus margin orientation     1. down-turned     2. levelled     3. up-turned
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166. Thallus margin brightness [categorical]     1. paled     2. concolourous
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Thallus Morphology: Upper Thallus Surface   back to top


172. Upper surface colour     2. white     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     4. grey     7. red     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     24. yellow     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     28. greenish yellow (= yellowish green, incl. lime green)    ()  30. brown     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


174. Upper surface curvature     1. plane     3. concave     5. convex
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


175. Upper surface glossiness     1. matt (opaque, dull)     2. glossy (shiny)
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


179. Upper surface fissures: presence    ()  1. absent ()


181. Upper surface fissures: development     1. sparingly developed     2. strongly developed
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


196. Upper surface pruina: presence    ()  1. epruinose ()


197. Upper surface pruina: abundance     1. scarce     2. abundant
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Thallus Morphology: Lower Thallus Surface   back to top


281. Lower surface presence     1. absent     2. present
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


282. Lower surface overall colour     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Thallus Anatomy: Upper Cortex   back to top


329. Upper cortex: presence     1. absent     2. present
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


332. Upper cortex height [numerical]

Lower range: Upper range: Unit:
µm high



Thallus Anatomy: Lower Cortex   back to top


397. Lower cortex presence     1. absent     2. present
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


401. Lower cortex plectenchyma structure     1. paraplectenchymatous     2. prosoplectenchymatous
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404. Lower cortex hyphal orientation     1. anticlinal     2. periclinal
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


406. Lower cortex hyphal cell structure     2. leptodermatous     4. pachydermatous
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Ascocarp Morphology: General Ascocarp Morphology   back to top


420. Ascocarp outline     1. orbicular     2. lingulate     3. irregular
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421. Ascocarp location {on main thallus}     1. central     2. laminal     4. peripheral
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


424. Ascocarp position {on primary thallus parts}     2. laminal     4. peripheral
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


428. Ascocarp emergence     1. not emerging (immersed, e.g., cryptolecanorine, cryptolecideine, aspicilioid)     2. slowly emerging     3. rapidly emerging
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429. Ascocarp attachment     1. adnate (semi-immersed)     2. sessile
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430. Ascocarp basis     1. not constricted (flat below)     2. slightly constricted (moderately conical at the base)     3. strongly constricted (strongly conical at the base)
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433. Ascocarp density

Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Unit:
per cm²


435. Ascocarp aggregation {across the surface}     1. scattered     2. subgregarious     3. gregarious
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


438. {orbicular} ascocarp diameter [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
mm in diam.



Ascocarp Morphology: Margin   back to top


451. Ascocarp margin: persistency    ()  2. excluded ()


452. Ascocarp margin: development    ()  1. indistinct (thin) ()


455. Ascocarp margin: pigment pattern     1. inhomogeneous     2. homogenous
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457. Ascocarp margin: width [numerical]

Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Unit:
µm wide



Ascocarp Morphology: Disk   back to top


487. Ascocarp disk: curvature     2. excavate (concave)     3. plane (expanded)     4. weakly convex     5. strongly convex
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


488. Ascocarp disk: colour     6. black     7. red     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     12. dark red (= blackish red, reddish black)     24. yellow     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     30. brown     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


491. Ascocarp disk: pruina presence    ()  1. absent ()


493. Ascocarp disk: pruina colour     1. white     2. yellow greenish
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Exciple   back to top


497. Ascocarp excipulum: plectenchyma structure    ()  2. paraplectenchymatous ()


498. Ascocarp excipulum: hyphal orientation    ()  1. parallel (radiating outwards) ()


499. Ascocarp excipulum: hyphal width [numerical]

Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Unit:
µm wide


505. Ascocarp excipulum: layer pigmentation     2. white     7. red     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     24. yellow     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)
(Select a character state: to add this modifier: )
(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Ascocarp Anatomy: Epithecium   back to top


629. Epithecium height [numerical]

Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Unit:
µm high


633. Epithecial hyphae apical cell: width [categorical]     1. not swollen     2. slightly swollen     3. distinctly swollen
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


634. Epithecial hyphae apical cell: width [numerical]

Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Unit:
µm wide


639. Epithecial hyphae apical cell pigmentation {in H2O}     1. hyaline (translucent)     7. red     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     24. yellow     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     30. brown     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)
(Select a character state: to add this modifier: )
(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Ascocarp Anatomy: Hymenium   back to top


653. Hymenium height [numerical]

Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Unit:
µm high


654. Hymenium pigmentation {in H2O}     2. white     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)
(Select a character state: to add this modifier: )
(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


667. Hymenium euamyloid reaction     1. Lugol’s negative     2. Lugol’s positive
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


668. Hymenium hemiamyloid reaction     1. not hemiamyloid     2. hemiamyloid
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Ascocarp Anatomy: Interascal Hyphae   back to top


676. Interascal hyphae ramification     1. scarcely branched     2. distinctly branched
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


677. Interascal hyphae anastomoses     1. not or scarcely anastomosed     2. distinctly anastomosed
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


681. Interascal hyphae cell width [numerical]

Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Unit:
µm wide


Ascocarp Anatomy: Hypothecium   back to top

707. Hypothecium height [numerical]
Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Unit:
µm high


708. Hypothecium pigmentation {in H2O}     2. white     7. red     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     24. yellow     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)
(Select a character state: to add this modifier: )
(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


711. Hypothecium pigment pattern     1. homogenous     2. inhomogenous
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


721. Hypothecium inspersion type     1. not inspers     3. inspersed with crystals
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Ascocarp Anatomy: Asci   back to top


751. Ascus shape     4. broadly clavate     5. clavate     6. narrowly clavate     8. cylindrical
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


757. Ascus tholus thickness     1. not thickened     2. thickened
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


761. Ascus tholus amyloidy pattern    ()  1. with amyloid tube ()



Ascocarp Anatomy: Ascospores   back to top


786. Ascospore shape     1. globose     2. subglobose     3. oval     4. ellipsoid     5. broadly ellipsoid
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


787. Ascospore length [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm long

788. Ascospore width [numerical]
Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide



Chemistry: Secondary Metabolites   back to top


914. Known secondary metabolites: location     1. throughout the cortex     4. throughout the thallus medulla     8. within the subhymenium or hypothecium
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915. Known secondary metabolites: name     231. atranorin     240. bourgeanic acid     336. gyrophoric acid     357. hyposalazinic acid     358. hypostictic acid     470. norstictic acid     493. parietin     530. rhizocarpic acid     559. stictic acid     586. usnic acid
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916. Known secondary metabolites: substance class    ()  3. (anthra-)quinones ()


919. Unknown secondary metabolites: provisional name    ()  5. 'Psora pacifica unknown' ()


924. Calcium oxalate crystals: internal location     1. in the cortex     2. in the medulla
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Chemistry: Spot Tests   back to top


961. Ascocarp disk K reactivity     1. –     5. + red     7. + bluish red
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