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Data Set Maintenance: Data set compiled (from Sheard Sonoran Desert Flora manuscript Vol. 2). Data set author(s): Bungartz F. (02-08-30). Data set not to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted. Taxonomic rank: species. Currently accepted name Rinodina bischoffii (Hepp) A. Massal. Rinodina. Synonyms: Rinodina immersa (Körb.) Arnold; Physciaceae Zahlbr. (1898); Lecanorineae; Lecanorales.

Type Information: Basionym: Psora bischoffii Hepp. Type: Rinodina bischoffii (Hepp) A. Massal.

Taxonomic Literature: A. Massal.: Framm. lichenogr.: 26 (1855)
Hepp: Flechten Europas 81 (1855)
Arnold: Flora 67: 319 (1884).

Biogeography: Northern hemispheric; colline, submontane, and montane. Continent: Africa (Northern), Asia-Temperate, Australasia, Europe, and Northern America. Checklist records: Australia, Germany, Great Britain, New Zealand, Sonoran Desert, and United States and Canada (continental).

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized; episubstratic; growing sun-exposed or partially shaded; under conditions which are dry or moist; substrate calciferous.

Thallus: Indistinct (chasmolithic) or crustose, not subdivided parts, rimose (to rimose areolate); separate thallus parts thin. Thallus Outline: Irregular; indistinct; soon disappearing. Upper Surface: Dark grey, matt; not isidate; not sorediate. Lower Surface: Firmly attached attached; attached by the whole lower surface.

Reproduction Strategy: With sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, orbicular, not emerging (in substrate at first), becoming adnate or soon sessile (becoming), moderately abundant or abundant, .35-.5 mm in diam.. Margin: Lecanorine (partially concolorous with thallus, partially with disk), smooth, frequently excluded, distinct, 70-125 µm wide; without a thin rim between disk and thalline margin. Disk: Plane or weakly convex (often becoming); black. Exciple: White. Parathecium (proper excipulum): Broad (expanding to 20-40(-75) µm above), 10-15 µm wide, white. Amphithecium (thalline excipulum): Present; 60-10 µm wide; photobiont sparse or abundant. Amphithecial Cortex: Absent or present; 10-20 µm wide; outer cortical layer white; inner cortical layer white. Epithecium: Apical cells spathulate, dark brown. Hymenium: 100-130 µm high; white; not inspers or oil inspersed. Interascal Hyphae: Distinctly branched, not or scarcely anastomosed. Hypothecium: 50-100 µm high; white; not inspers or oil inspersed.

Ascospores: Bischoffii-type, c. 8 per ascus, spores 8 per ascus, ellipsoid, (14.9)-16.8-17.3-17.9-(19.9) µm long, (8.4)-19-10.7-11.2-(13) µm wide; septa present; transversally septate; 1-transversally septate; forming early during spore ontogeny (Physciaceae-type A); wall apically not thickened, subapically not thickened, thickened at the septum, becoming pigmented, dark brown or middle brown (torus absent but with brown band around septum), not ornamented.

Conidiophores: Vobis-type VI. Conidia: Bacilliform (often with persistent attachment point); 3.5-5.5 µm long; 1 µm wide.

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