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Data Set Maintenance: Data set compiled (from Sonoran Lichen Flora Vol.1). Data set author(s): Bungartz F. (02-02-07). Data set to be published after submission; February 2002.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted or basionymous. Taxonomic rank: species. Currently accepted name Physcia halei J.W. Thomson. Physcia. Physciaceae Zahlbr. (1898); Lecanorineae; Lecanorales.

Type Information: Basionym: Physcia halei J.W. Thomson. Type: Physcia halei J.W. Thomson.

Biogeography: Mediterranean and subtropical; submontane and montane. Continent: Northern America (Southwest). Checklist records: Mexico, Sonoran Desert, and United States and Canada (continental).

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized; saxicolous; episubstratic; growing sun-exposed or partially shaded; under conditions which are dry or moist; substrate non-calciferous.

Thallus: Foliose, subdivided into main parts, lobed; separate thallus parts up to 1 mm wide. Thallus Size and Differentiation: Up to (3) cm in diameter. Thallus Outline: Irregular or orbicular; margin lobulate (crenulate); darkened the thallus centre; soon disappearing. Upper Surface: Grey (to cream) or pale grey, mostly glossy (shiny), smooth; immaculate; usually epruinose; eciliate; without hairs; not isidate; not sorediate; not blastidiate; not schizidiate; not lobulate. Lower Surface: Present, brownish grey, white (often with a rose tinge), or pale brown, firmly attached or loosely attached attached; attached by holdfasts (true rhizines); not sorediate; not tomentose.

Upper Cortex: Present; outer cortical layer paraplectenchymatous (with rounded cells); inner cortical layer paraplectenchymatous. Medulla: White. Lower Cortex: Present.

Reproduction Strategy: With sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, orbicular (crenulate), soon sessile or substipitate, abundant. Margin: Lecanorine, persistent, distinct. Disk: Plane; black or dark brown; epruinose. Epithecium: With epithecium (simple or forked); apical cells subulate (clavate with dark brown cap), pale brown. Hymenium: White; not inspers. Interascal Hyphae: Scarcely branched (paraphyses simple or forked above). Subhymenium: White. Hypothecium: White; not inspers.

Ascospores: Physcia-type and Pachysporaria-type, c. 8 per ascus, ellipsoid, (14)-15-17-(18.5) µm long, (7.5)-8-9.5-(11) µm wide; septa present; transversally septate; 1-transversally septate; wall thickened at the septum, becoming pigmented, dark brown (at maturity) or middle brown.

Conidia: Bacilliform (not bacilliform but cylindrical); 4-6 µm long; 1 µm wide.

Secondary Metabolites: Present; only in the upper part of the cortex, atranorin.

Spot Tests: Present reactions. Upper surface: K + deep yellow, C –, KC –, PD + yellow; cortex: KC + deep yellow, – medulla: K + yellow; C –, KC –, PD – soredia: K – KC –.

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