Xanthoparmelia mexicana (Gyeln.) Hale

Data Set Maintenance: Data set compiled (Flora of Australia Vol. 55 Lichens-Lecanorales, Parmeliaceae). Data set author(s): Nöske, N. M. @EXCL@ Bungartz F. (06-05-16). Data set not revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted. Taxonomic rank: species. Currently accepted name Xanthoparmelia mexicana (Gyeln.) Hale. Xanthoparmelia. Synonyms: Parmelia mexicana Gyeln.; Parmeliaceae Zenker (1827); Lecanorineae; Lecanorales.

Type Information: Basionym: Parmelia mexicana Gyeln. Type: Parmelia mexicana Gyeln.; type specimen label data: F. Amable 676; holo: BP; iso: US.

Taxonomic Literature: Phytologia 28: 488 (1974).

Biogeography: Southern hemispheric. Continent: Asia-Temperate, Australasia, and Northern America. Checklist records: Australia (W.A., N.T., S.A., Qld, N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic. and Tas.), Japan, Mexico, and New Zealand.

Ecology: Lichenized; lignicolous (dead wood) or saxicolous; growing under conditions which are dry (in subarid and arid areas with moderate rainfall).

Thallus: Foliose, irregular, lobed; lobes elongate, imbricate; rounded (apices rounded or shallowly notched) at the front; plane; separate thallus parts 1-2-(5) mm wide. Thallus Size and Differentiation: 5-10 cm in diameter. Upper Surface: Lime green (lobe margins blackened), glossy (shiny), smooth (at margins); immaculate; wrinkled (becoming rugose in thallus centre); isidiate (short); isidia central (dense in thallus centre, absent at margins), cylindrical, ramified, coralloid (nder or slightly inflated, becoming coralloid), paler at the tip (syncorticate and pale at apices); not sorediate. Lower Surface: Present, brown (pale tan to brown or rarely dark brown in places, shiny); attached by holdfasts (adnate to tightly adnate); rhizinate (short); rhizines sparse or moderately abundant, brown (concolorous with lower surface), not branched or branched (rarely branched), dichotomously branched.

Medulla: White.

Reproduction Strategy: With sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, soon sessile, 2-8 mm in diam.. Margin: Smooth (and shiny), excluded (often disappearing in mature apothecia), indistinct (entire, rather thin); isidiate. Disk: Excavate, red (red-brown, shiny) or dark brown.

Ascospores: 8-10 µm long, 6-7 µm wide.

Conidiomata: Present (but rare).

Conidia: Bifusiform; 6-7 µm long; .5 µm wide.

Secondary Metabolites: Present; consalazinic acid, norstictic acid (rarely containing norstictic acid (trace), protoconstipatic acid (trace) and constipatic acid (trace)), salazinic acid, and usnic acid.

Spot Tests: Cortex: KC – medulla: K + yellow changing to red, C –, KC –, PD + orange.

UV-Fluorescence: Upper thallus surface – (negative).

(report generated 04.Okt.2007)