Parmotrema perforatum (Jacq.) Ach.

Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Nash T.H. Data set reviewer(s): Nash T.H.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted. Taxonomic rank: species. Parmotrema. Synonyms: Parmelia perforata var. ciliata Nyl.; Parmeliaceae Zenker (1827); Lecanorineae; Lecanorales.

Type Information: Type: Lichen perforatus Jacq.

Taxonomic Literature: Hale 1965.

Biogeography: Northern hemispheric; montane. Continent: Africa, Europe, and Northern America. Checklist records: Great Britain, Sonoran Desert, and United States and Canada (continental).

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized; corticolous.

Thallus: Foliose, subdivided into main parts, and secondary parts, sub irregular, continuous throughout, lobed; lobes elongate, horizontal; plane or convex; branches applanate (moderately flattened); bifacial; not segmented; separate thallus parts 10-15-20 mm wide. Thallus Size and Differentiation: 8-10-12 cm in diameter; main branches basally not constricted; apex rounded. Upper Surface: Grey, plane or convex, glossy (shiny); not fissurate; not foveate; not convoluted; maculate; without patches; epruinose; not pseudocyphellate; not wrinkled; ciliate; cilia slender, marginal; without hairs; not isidate; without isidiomorphs; not papillate, not pustulate; not sorediate; not tuberculate; sometimes lobulate. Lower Surface: Present, black, black in the centre, white along the margin; attached by holdfasts; not cyphellate; not wrinkled; rhizinate; rhizines sparse, with a broad non-rhizinate margin, black, not branched; not tuberculate.

Hydrochasic Thallus Movement: Not performing hygrochasic thallus movement.

Upper Cortex: Double-layered.

Reproduction Strategy: Usually with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, forming all across the thallus surface, all across the surface, abundant, 0-("2/0") 11-20 mm in diam.. Margin: Not sorediate; not isidiate; without pseudocyphellae pseudocyphellae; not ciliate; not hirsute. Disk: Brown. Hymenium: 50-57.5-65 µm high.

Asci: Dehiscence lecanoralean.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus, broadly ellipsoid or ellipsoid, 12-14-16 µm long, 7-8-9 µm wide.

Conidiomata: Absent resp. not observed.

Secondary Metabolites: Present; only in the upper part of the cortex, throughout the cortex, or throughout the thallus medulla, atranorin or norstictic acid, metabolite(s) of unresolved identity: absent.

Spot Tests: Cortex: KC + deep yellow; medulla: K + orange, C –, KC –, PD + red.

(report generated 04.Okt.2007)