Parmotrema hypotropum (Nyl.) Hale

Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Nash T.H. Data set reviewer(s): Nash T.H.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted. Taxonomic rank: species. Parmotrema. Parmeliaceae Zenker (1827); Lecanorineae; Lecanorales.

Type Information: Type: Parmelia hypotropa Nyl.

Taxonomic Literature: Nylander 1860 Hale 1965.

Biogeography: Northern hemispheric; Mediterranean and subtropical; coastal and colline. Continent: Africa, Europe, Northern America, and Asia-Tropical. Checklist records: Mexico, Sonoran Desert, and United States and Canada (continental).

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized; corticolous; substrate non-calciferous.

Thallus: Foliose, subdivided into main parts, and secondary or without secondary parts, sub irregular, continuous throughout, lobed; lobes elongate, horizontal or ascending; rounded at the front; convex; branches applanate (moderately flattened); bifacial; not segmented; separate thallus parts 10-12.5-15 mm wide. Thallus Size and Differentiation: 2-6-10 cm in diameter; main branches basally not constricted; apex curved upwards. Upper Surface: Grey, glossy (shiny), smooth; not fissurate; not foveate; not convoluted; maculate; without patches; epruinose; not pseudocyphellate; not wrinkled; ciliate; cilia slender, marginal; without hairs; not isidate; without isidiomorphs; not papillate, not pustulate; sorediate; soralia white, subperipheral or peripheral, linear, isolated, not confluent with other soralia, soredia farinose; not tuberculate; not lobulate. Lower Surface: Present, black, black in the centre; attached by holdfasts; not wrinkled; rhizinate; rhizines sparse, with a broad non-rhizinate margin, black, not branched; not tuberculate.

Hydrochasic Thallus Movement: Not performing hygrochasic thallus movement.

Upper Cortex: Double-layered.

Reproduction Strategy: With sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, forming all across the thallus surface, sparse. Margin: Smooth, epruinose; not sorediate; not isidiate; without pseudocyphellae pseudocyphellae; not ciliate; not hirsute. Disk: Brown.

Asci: Dehiscence lecanoralean.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus, broadly ellipsoid or ellipsoid, 8-9-10 µm long, 5-5.5-6 µm wide.

Conidiomata: Absent resp. not observed.

Secondary Metabolites: Present; only in the upper part of the cortex, throughout the cortex, or throughout the thallus medulla, atranorin or norstictic acid, metabolite(s) of unresolved identity: absent.

Spot Tests: Cortex: KC + deep yellow; medulla: K + orange, C –, KC –, PD + red.

(report generated 04.Okt.2007)