Parmotrema cristaferum (Taylor) Hale

Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Nash T.H. Data set reviewer(s): Nash T.H.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted. Taxonomic rank: species. Parmotrema. Parmeliaceae Zenker (1827); Lecanorineae; Lecanorales.

Type Information: Type: Parmelia cristafera Tayl.

Taxonomic Literature: Taylor 1847 Hale 1965.

Biogeography: Pantropical; coastal, colline, and submontane. Continent: Africa, Australasia, Northern America, Southern America, Pacific, and Asia-Tropical. Checklist records: Guianas, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Sonoran Desert, United States and Canada (continental), and Venezuela.

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized; corticolous.

Thallus: Foliose, subdivided into main parts, and secondary or without secondary parts, sub irregular, continuous throughout, lobed; lobes elongate, horizontal; branches applanate (moderately flattened); bifacial; not segmented; separate thallus parts 12-16-20 mm wide. Thallus Size and Differentiation: 10-17.5-25 cm in diameter; main branches basally not constricted; apex curved downwards; rounded. Thallus Outline: Margin sinuate. Upper Surface: Grey, plane, matt, smooth; not fissurate; not foveate; immaculate; without patches; epruinose; not pseudocyphellate; not wrinkled; eciliate; without hairs; not isidate; without isidiomorphs; not papillate, not pustulate; sorediate; soralia white, laminal, semicapitate, erose or linear, prominent, confluent, but not fusing, emarginate, soredia farinose; not tuberculate; not lobulate. Lower Surface: Present, black, black in the centre, brown along the margin; attached by holdfasts; not cyphellate; not wrinkled; rhizinate; rhizines sparse, black, not branched; not tuberculate.

Hydrochasic Thallus Movement: Not performing hygrochasic thallus movement.

Upper Cortex: Double-layered.

Reproduction Strategy: With sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, forming all across the thallus surface, all across the surface, sparse. Margin: Crenulate, epruinose; not sorediate; not isidiate; without pseudocyphellae pseudocyphellae; not ciliate; not hirsute. Disk: Brown. Hymenium: 100-110-120 µm high.

Asci: Dehiscence lecanoralean.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus, ellipsoid, 26-30.5-35 µm long, 13-15.5-18 µm wide.

Conidiomata: Present.

Secondary Metabolites: Present; only in the upper part of the cortex, throughout the cortex, or throughout the thallus medulla, atranorin, consalazinic acid, or salazinic acid, metabolite(s) of unresolved identity: absent.

Spot Tests: Cortex: KC + deep yellow; medulla: K + yellow changing to red, C –, KC –, PD + red.

(report generated 04.Okt.2007)