Parmotrema arnoldii (Du Rietz) Hale

Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Nash T.H. Data set reviewer(s): Nash T.H.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: basionymous or accepted. Taxonomic rank: species. Parmotrema. Parmeliaceae Zenker (1827); Lecanorineae; Lecanorales.

Type Information: Type: Parmelia arnoldii Du Rietz.

Taxonomic Literature: Du Rietz 1924 Hale 1965.

Biogeography: Northern hemispheric; subtropical and neotropical; coastal and colline. Continent: Europe, Northern America, and Southern America. Checklist records: Germany, Mexico, Sonoran Desert, Sweden and Norway, and United States and Canada (continental).

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized; corticolous.

Thallus: Foliose, subdivided into main parts, and secondary parts, sub irregular, continuous throughout, lobed; lobes elongate, horizontal; branches applanate (moderately flattened); bifacial; not segmented; separate thallus parts 8-11.5-15 mm wide. Thallus Size and Differentiation: 8-14-20 cm in diameter; main branches basally not constricted; apex curved downwards; rounded. Upper Surface: Grey, plane, glossy (shiny), smooth; not fissurate; not foveate; not convoluted; faintly maculate; epruinose; not pseudocyphellate; not wrinkled; ciliate; cilia slender, marginal; without hairs; not isidate; without isidiomorphs; not papillate, not pustulate; sorediate; soralia white, erose, confluent, but not fusing, soredia farinose; not tuberculate; lobulate. Lower Surface: Present, black, black in the centre, brown along the margin; attached by holdfasts; not cyphellate; not wrinkled; rhizinate; rhizines moderately abundant, with a broad non-rhizinate margin, black, not branched; not tuberculate.

Hydrochasic Thallus Movement: Not performing hygrochasic thallus movement.

Upper Cortex: Double-layered.

Reproduction Strategy: With sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, forming all across the thallus surface, all across the surface, sparse. Margin: Crenulate, epruinose; not sorediate; not isidiate; without pseudocyphellae pseudocyphellae; not ciliate; not hirsute. Disk: Brown. Hymenium: 70-75-80 µm high.

Asci: Dehiscence lecanoralean.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus, broadly ellipsoid or ellipsoid, 15-18.5-22 µm long, 9.5-11-12 µm wide.

Conidiomata: Present.

Conidia: 10.5-11-11.5 µm long.

Secondary Metabolites: Present; only in the upper part of the cortex, throughout the cortex, or throughout the thallus medulla, alectoronic acid or atranorin, metabolite(s) of unresolved identity: absent.

Spot Tests: Cortex: KC + deep yellow; medulla: K – or + bluish red, C –, KC + orange, PD –.

(report generated 04.Okt.2007)