Hypotrachyna pustulifera (Hale) Skorepa

Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Nash T.H. (00-02-07). Data set reviewer(s): Nash T.H.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted. Taxonomic rank: species. Hypotrachyna. Synonyms: Parmelia pustulifera; Parmeliaceae Zenker (1827); Lecanorineae; Lecanorales.

Type Information: Type: Parmelia pustulifera Hale.

Taxonomic Literature: Hale 1972 Skorepa 1983.

Biogeography: Northern hemispheric; neotropical; submontane and montane. Continent: Northern America and Southern America. Checklist records: Bolivia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Sonoran Desert, and United States and Canada (continental).

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized; corticolous.

Thallus: Foliose, subdivided into main parts, and secondary or without secondary parts, isotomic-dichotomous, continuous throughout, lobed; lobes elongate, horizontal; plane or convex; branches applanate (moderately flattened); bifacial; not segmented; separate thallus parts 2-4.5-7 mm wide. Thallus Size and Differentiation: 2-4.5-7 cm in diameter; main branches basally not constricted; apex rounded. Upper Surface: Grey, plane or convex, glossy (shiny), smooth; not fissurate; not foveate; not convoluted; immaculate; without patches; epruinose; not pseudocyphellate; not wrinkled; eciliate; without hairs; not isidate; without isidiomorphs; not papillate, pustulate, pustules regular; sorediate; soralia white, erose, fully excavated or slightly excavated, soredia coarse; not tuberculate; not lobulate. Lower Surface: Present, black, black in the centre; attached by holdfasts; not cyphellate; not wrinkled; rhizinate; rhizines sparse, extending all across the lower surface, black, branched, dichotomously branched; not tuberculate.

Hydrochasic Thallus Movement: Not performing hygrochasic thallus movement.

Upper Cortex: Double-layered.

Reproduction Strategy: With sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, forming all across the thallus surface, all across the surface, sparse, 1-3-5-(8) mm in diam.. Margin: Crenulate, epruinose; not sorediate; not isidiate; without pseudocyphellae pseudocyphellae; not ciliate; not hirsute. Disk: Brown.

Asci: Dehiscence lecanoralean.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus.

Conidiomata: Present; formed lateral (along the margin of thallus parts).

Secondary Metabolites: Present; only in the upper part of the cortex, 4-O-methyllividic acid, 4-O-methylphysodic acid, atranorin, chloroatranorin, colensoic acid, gyrophoric acid, lecanoric acid, lividic acid, methoxycolensoic acid, norcolensoic acid, oxyphysodic acid, and physodic acid.

Spot Tests: Cortex: KC + deep yellow; medulla: K + yellow changing to red, C + deep yellow, KC + red, PD –.

(report generated 04.Okt.2007)