Hypotrachyna livida (Taylor) Hale

Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Nash T.H. (00-02-04). Data set reviewer(s): Nash T.H.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted. Taxonomic rank: species. Hypotrachyna. Synonyms: Parmelia livida Tayl.; Parmeliaceae Zenker (1827); Lecanorineae; Lecanorales.

Type Information: Type: Parmelia livida Tayl.

Taxonomic Literature: Taylor 1847 Hale 1975.

Biogeography: Neotropical; submontane and montane. Continent: Northern America and Southern America. Checklist records: Mexico, Sonoran Desert, and United States and Canada (continental).

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized; corticolous; substrate non-calciferous.

Thallus: Foliose, subdivided into main parts, and secondary parts, isotomic-dichotomous, continuous throughout, lobed; lobes elongate, horizontal; subconcave, plane, or subconvex; branches applanate (moderately flattened); bifacial; not segmented; separate thallus parts 1-1.5-2 mm wide. Thallus Size and Differentiation: 2-5-8 cm in diameter; main branches basally not constricted; apex rounded. Upper Surface: Grey, plane or convex, matt, smooth; not fissurate; not foveate; not convoluted; immaculate; epruinose; not pseudocyphellate; not wrinkled; eciliate; without hairs; not isidate; without isidiomorphs; not papillate, not pustulate; not sorediate; not tuberculate; not lobulate. Lower Surface: Present, black, black in the centre, dark brown along the margin; attached by holdfasts; not cyphellate; not wrinkled; rhizinate; rhizines sparse, black, branched, dichotomously branched; not tuberculate.

Hydrochasic Thallus Movement: Not performing hygrochasic thallus movement.

Upper Cortex: Double-layered.

Reproduction Strategy: Usually with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, forming all across the thallus surface, all across the surface, moderately abundant, 1-3-5 mm in diam.. Margin: Crenulate, epruinose; not sorediate; not isidiate; without pseudocyphellae pseudocyphellae; not ciliate; not hirsute. Disk: Brown.

Asci: Dehiscence lecanoralean.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus.

Conidiomata: Present; adnate; formed along the thallus periphery.

Secondary Metabolites: Present; throughout the cortex or throughout the thallus medulla, 4-O-methylphysodic acid, atranorin, chloroatranorin, colensoic acid, hydroxycolensoic acid, lividic acid, methoxycolensoic acid, oxyphysodic acid, or physodic acid, metabolite(s) of unresolved identity: present.

Spot Tests: Cortex: KC + deep yellow; medulla: K –, C –, KC + red, PD –.

(report generated 04.Okt.2007)