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Data Set Maintenance: Data set compiled (from Sonoran Desert Lichen Flora Vol. 1). Data set author(s): Bungartz F. (02-10-11). Data set to be published after submission; February 2002.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted. Taxonomic rank: species. Currently accepted name Canoparmelia carneopruinata (Zahlbr.) Elix & Hale. Canoparmelia. Synonyms: Pseudoparmelia carneopruinata (Zahlbr.) Hale; Parmeliaceae Zenker (1827); Lecanorineae; Lecanorales.

Type Information: Basionym: Parmelia carneopruinata Zahlbr. Type: Canoparmelia carneopruinata (Zahlbr.) Elix & Hale.

Taxonomic Literature: Taxonomic notes: C. carneiopruinata and C. crozalsiana tend to intergrade and thus large specimens of the former may not be readily distinguishable from small specimens of the latter. Elix & Hale, Mycotaxon 27: 280 (1986).

Biogeography: Mediterranean and neotropical; colline. Continent: Europe (Southern), Northern America, and Southern America. Checklist records: Mexico and Sonoran Desert (only known from one locality in coastal plain of southern Sonora).

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized; corticolous; growing sun-exposed, under conditions which are dry or moist.

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont present; chlorococcal. Primary photobiont taxonomy: Trebouxia; Trebouxiaceae; Trebouxiales.

Thallus: Foliose, subdivided into main (lobes) parts, dispersed throughout and distinctly seperate, lobed; lobes elongate, horizontal. Thallus Size and Differentiation: 3-9 cm in diameter; apex rounded or truncate (sometimes laciniate). Thallus Outline: Orbicular. Upper Surface: Pale grey or grey-green, plane or subconvex, matt, smooth; not fissurate; immaculate; pruinose, pruina patchy (at lobe tips); not pseudocyphellate; wrinkled; eciliate; not isidate; not pustulate; sorediate; soralia laminal, punctiform, confluent, but not fusing (with age), soredia farinose. Lower Surface: Present, black; attached by holdfasts (true rhizines); rhizines sparse, black, not branched.

Upper Cortex: Present; eucortical; prosoplectenchymatous (pallisade); epicortex present; porous. Photobiont Layer: Photobiont cells continuous. Medulla: White, loose; iodine reaction in Lugol's solution positive (containing isolichenan).

Reproduction Strategy: With sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, forming all across the thallus surface, all across the surface, soon sessile, sparse, 1-4 mm in diam.. Margin: Smooth, persistent, distinct, often slightly pruinose; sorediate. Disk: Excavate, brown. Exciple: White (or grey). Epithecium: Apical cells brown (or brownish yellow). Hypothecium: White.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus, spores 8 per ascus, ellipsoid, 9-13 µm long, 6-9 µm wide, obtuse; septa absent.

Secondary Metabolites: Present; only in the upper part of the cortex (atranorin and chloroatranorin) or throughout the thallus medulla (stictic acid chemosyndrome), atranorin, chloroatranorin, constictic acid, or stictic acid (and cryptostictic acid (trace)).

Spot Tests: Cortex: KC + deep yellow, C –, KC –, PD + yellow; medulla: K + orange, C –, KC –, PD + red or + orange.

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