Lecidea lithophila (Ach.) Ach.

Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Hertel H. (99-01-01). Data set not revised.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted. Taxonomic rank: species. Lecidea. Synonyms: Lecidea farinosa H.Magn., Lecidea heteromorpha H.Magn.; Lecideaceae Chevall. (1826); Lecanorales.

Type Information: Protologue: Acharius E., Synopsis Lich. 14 (1814) - Lecidea lapicida var. lithophila Ach.: Acharius E., Svensk Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 233 (1808); type specimen label data: Switzerland: 'Helvetia' (without locality), Schleicher 825-a (H-Ach, lectotype).

Taxonomic Literature: Fries T.M., Lichenogr. Scand. 495-497 (1874); Vainio E.A., Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 57(2): 135-137 (1934); Hertel H., Herzogia 2: 46-47 (1970); Hertel H., Herzogia 2: 490 (1973); Nowak J., Tobolewski Z., Porosty Polskie (Warszawa & Kraków) 552 (1975); Hertel H., Khumbu Himal 6: 363 (1977); Culberson C.F., Hertel H., The Bryologist 82: 189-197 (1979); Hertel H., Zhao C.F., Lichenologist 14: 148 (1982); Inoue M., J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. B, Div. 2 (Bot.), 18(1): 39-41 (1982); Makarevich M.F., Navrozkaja I.L., Judina I.V., Atlas Geogr. Rasprost. Lishainikov v Ukrainsk. Karpat. 126-127 (Kiev 1982); Türk R., Wittmann H., Stapfia 11: 62 (1984 - distrib. map for Oberösterreich, Austria); Clauzade G., Roux C., Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, nouv. ser., num. spec. 7: 480 (1985); Hladun N., Inst. d'estudis Catalans, Arx. Secc. Ciènces 80: 96 (1985); Schwab A.J., Mitt. Bot. München 22: 342-351 (1986); Türk R., Wittmann H., Sauteria 3: 227 (1987 - distrib. map for Salzburg, Austria); John V., Beitr. Landespflege Rheinland-Pfalz 13(2): 125 (1990); Hertel H., Mitt. Bot. München 30: 310-311 (1991); Kümmerling H., Bibl. Lichenol. 41: 173 (1991); Hawksworth D.L., Coppins B.J. in Purvis O.W. et al., 332 (1992); Türk R., Poelt J., Österr. Akad. Wiss., Biosystematics and Ecology Ser. 3: 63-64 (1993 - bibliography of Austrian lichens); Hertel H., Biblioth. Lichenol. 58: 165 (1995); Wirth V., Flechtenflora, 2.Aufl., 391 (1995); Wirth V., Flechten Baden-Württembergs, Teil 1, 507 [photo!], 514-515 (1995).

Biogeography: Colline, montane, and alpine. Continent: Europe (Au, Be, Br, Bu, Cz, Ga, Ge, Hb, He, Is, It, Lu, No, Po, Rm, Rs, Su), Northern America (Newfoundland), and Asia-Temperate (Manchuria).

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized; endosubstratic or episubstratic; i.e., bricks; substrate non-calciferous or metalliferous.

Thallus: Not subdivided parts, areolate (primarily areolate), continuous throughout; lobes angular at the front; separate thallus parts 0-1 mm thick. Thallus Size and Differentiation: Large; main branches basally not constricted. Thallus Outline: Margin concolorous the thallus centre. Upper Surface: White, lemon (citrine), brownish yellow, grey, brown (pale beige), or red (rusty coloured by Fe), plane; not sorediate; without thalloconidia thalloconidia.

Medulla: Iodine reaction in Lugol's solution negative.

Ascocarps: Forming on the pro- or hypothallus, soon sessile, not constricted, slightly constricted, or strongly constricted at the base, 20-200 per cm², .4-1-(2.7) mm in diam.. Margin: Not flexuose or slightly flexuose, persistent or excluded, 50-90 µm wide, epruinose or distinctly pruinose. Disk: Plane to weakly convex, black or brown, epruinose, pruina scarce or abundant, without an umbo. Exciple: Hyphae radiating outwards; 2-3.5 µm wide; grey or yellow (dissolving in KOH); inspersed with crystals (dissolving in KOH). Epithecium: Apical cells olive or brown, cell pigment reacting with 10% HCl (in H2O). Hymenium: 45-80 µm high; white; iodine reaction: Lugol’s positive. Subhymenium: 25-45 µm high; white. Hypothecium: White.

Ascospores: Ellipsoid, (6)-9.1-14-(21) µm long, (3)-4.4-6.3-(8) µm wide; wall not ornamented.

Conidia: (10)-(Schwab 1987) 10-13-(13) µm long.

Secondary Metabolites: Present, 4-O-demethylplanaic acid and planaic acid.

Spot Tests: Medulla: K –, C –, PD – ascocarp margin (in section): K –, C – disk: C – hypothecium: K – epihymenium: K –.

(report generated 04.Okt.2007)