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Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Hertel H. (99-01-01). Data set not revised.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted. Taxonomic rank: species. Lecidea. Synonyms: Lecidea algeriensis Zahlbr., Lecidea fumosa (Hoffm.) Ach., Lecidea grisella Flörke, Lecidea maculosa Stiz. ex Flagey, Lecidea sardoa Bagl., Lecidea trabicola Erichs.; Lecideaceae Chevall. (1826); Lecanorales.

Type Information: Protologue: Acharius E., Method. Lich. 44 (1803) - Lichen fuscoater L., Linnaeus C., Spec. Plant. 1140 (1753); type specimen label data: Schweden, Uppland, Vardsätra, 17 May 1964, R.Santesson 16299 (UPS, neotype).

Taxonomic Literature: Taxonomic notes: A rather polymorphic taxon. Fries T.M., Lichenogr. Scand. 525-527 (1874); Vainio E.A., Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 57(2): 72-78 (1934); Tavares C.N., Portug. Acta Biol. (B) 3: 89-90 (1950); Nowak J., Tobolewski Z., Porosty Polskie (Warszawa & Kraków) 542 (1975); Hertel H., Khumbu Himal 6: 244-247 (1977); Buschardt A., Biblioth. Lichenol. 10: 186-190 (1979); Hertel H., Zhao C.F., Lichenologist 14: 147 (1982); Clauzade G., Roux C., Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, nouv. ser., num. spec. 7: 465 (1985); Hladun N., Inst. d'estudis Catalans, Arx. Secc. Ciènces 80: 91-92 (1985); Nimis P.L., Poelt J., Studia Geobotanica 7 (Suppl. 1): 127 (1987); Jacobsen P., Coppins B.J., Nova Hedwigia 49: 264 (1989); Hawksworth D.L., Coppins B.J. in: Purvis O.W. et al., 328 (1992); Nimis P.L., Pinna D., Salvadori O., Licheni e conservazione dei monumenti (Bologna) 102-103 (1992) [The excellent color-photograph shows a "typical" by snail-grazing damaged specimen!]; Andreev M.P., Kudratov I., Botan. Zhurn. 77: 105 (1992); Türk R., Poelt J., Österr. Akad. Wiss., Biosystematics and Ecology Ser. 3: 63 (1993 - bibliography of Austrian lichens); Hertel H., Biblioth. Lichenol. 58: 158 (1995); Wirth V., Flechtenflora, 2.Aufl., 390 (1995); Wirth V., Flechten Baden-Württembergs, Teil 1, 512-513 [photo!], 515 (1995).

Biogeography: Colline and montane. Continent: Europe (Au, Br, Cz, Da, Fe, Ga, Ge, He, Hs, It, No, Po, Sa, Si, Su), Northern America (USA, Mexico), Southern America (Chile), Asia-Temperate (Tadzhikistan, Nepal, China), and Africa (Algeria).

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized; corticolous; episubstratic; i.e., bricks; substrate non-calciferous.

Thallus: Areolate (primarily areolate), rarely subsquamulose, continuous throughout or dispersed along the periphery, continuous in the centre; lobes angular or rounded at the front; separate thallus parts.15-.8 mm thick. Thallus Size and Differentiation: Large; main branches basally not constricted or basally constricted. Thallus Outline: Margin concolorous the thallus centre. Upper Surface: Grey, brown (yellow brown to medium brown), or green (rarely olivaceous green), convoluted, plane or convex; not sorediate; without thalloconidia thalloconidia.

Upper Cortex: Epicortex present (var. fuscoatra). Medulla: Iodine reaction in Lugol's solution negative.

Ascocarps: Forming rarely on the pro- or hypothallus, soon sessile, slightly constricted or strongly constricted at the base, 5-250 per cm², .6-1.3-(2.5) mm in diam.. Margin: Not flexuose or slightly flexuose, persistent or excluded, indistinct, 5-80 µm wide, epruinose or distinctly pruinose. Disk: Plane, weakly convex, or strongly convex, black, epruinose, pruina scarce, without an umbo. Exciple: Hyphae radiating outwards; 3-4.5 µm wide; grey or rarely yellow; inspersed with crystals. Epithecium: Apical cells olive, very rarely turquoise, or brown, cell pigment reacting with 10% HCl (in H2O). Hymenium: 55-70 µm high; white; iodine reaction: Lugol’s positive, hemiamyloid (in fresh material). Subhymenium: 20-30 µm high; white. Hypothecium: Brown or dark brown.

Ascospores: Broadly ellipsoid, ellipsoid, oblong, or oval, (8.5)-10.7-14.5-(20) µm long, (4)-4.4-6.4-(9) µm wide; wall not ornamented.

Secondary Metabolites: Present, gyrophoric acid, lecanoric acid, 2-O-methylconfluentic acid (see Huneck & Schreiber 1974), or schizopeltic acid (zu überprüfen).

Spot Tests: Medulla: K –, C rarely – or + red, PD – ascocarp margin (in section): K –, C + red; disk: C – hypothecium: K – epihymenium: K –.

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