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Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Hertel H. (99-01-01). Data set not revised.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted. Taxonomic rank: species. Lecidea. Synonyms: Lecidea lepadina Sommerf., Lecidea vapulata Anzi; Lecideaceae Chevall. (1826); Lecanorales.

Type Information: Protologue: Acharius E., Method. Lich. 14 (1803) - Lichen confluens Weber: Weber G.H., Spilileg. Fl. Goetting. 180-182, tab. II (1778); type specimen label data: Germany, Sachsen-Anhalt, Harz Mts., Hochharz National Park, summit region of Mt. Brocken, 1070 m, 27 August 1992, H.Ullrich & P.Vieth (Hertel, Lecid. Exs. 264: M, neotype).

Taxonomic Literature: Fries T.M., Lichenogr. Scand. 484-485 (1874); Vainio E.A., Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 57(2): 106-108 (1934); Nowak J., Tobolewski Z., Porosty Polskie (Warszawa & Kraków) 456 (1975); Makarevich M.F., Navrozkaja I.L., Judina I.V., Atlas Geogr. Rasprost. Lishainikov v Ukrainsk. Karpat. 124 (Kiev 1982); Clauzade G., Roux C., Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, nouv. ser., num. spec. 7: 464 (1985); Andreev M.P., Baibultova N.E., Novit. Syst. Plant. Non Vasc. 22: 166 (1985); Schwab A.J., Mitt. Bot. München 22: 314-322 (1986); Kümmerling H., Bibl. Lichenol. 41: 172 (1991); Türk R., Poelt J., Österr. Akad. Wiss., Biosystematics and Ecology Ser. 3: 62 (1993 - bibliography of Austrian lichens); Hertel H., Biblioth. Lichenol. 58: 156 (1995); Wirth V., Flechtenflora, 2.Aufl., 390 (1995); Wirth V., Flechten Baden-Württembergs, Teil 1, 512-513 [photo!] (1995).

Biogeography: Montane and alpine. Continent: Europe (Au, Br, Cz, Fe, Ga, Ge, He, Is, It, No, Po, Rm, Rs, Sb, Su).

Thallus: Not subdivided parts, areolate (primarily areolate), continuous throughout to dispersed along the periphery, continuous in the centre; lobes angular at the front; separate thallus parts.2-1 mm thick. Thallus Size and Differentiation: Large; main branches basally not constricted. Thallus Outline: Margin concolorous the thallus centre. Upper Surface: Lemon (citrine) to grey to brown (grey-beige), plane to convex; not sorediate; without thalloconidia thalloconidia.

Ascocarps: Forming on the pro- or hypothallus, rarely soon sessile, not constricted to slightly constricted at the base, 2-70 per cm², .9-1.6-(4.5) mm in diam.. Margin: Not flexuose, persistent to excluded, 35-80 µm wide, epruinose. Disk: Plane to weakly convex to strongly convex, black, epruinose, pruina scarce, without an umbo. Exciple: Hyphae radiating outwards to intricately interwoven, with no predominant orientation; 2.5-3.5 µm wide; grey; inspersed with crystals. Epithecium: Apical cells olive, cell pigment reacting with 10% HCl (in H2O). Hymenium: 50-70 µm high; white; iodine reaction: Lugol’s positive. Subhymenium: 19-45 µm high; white. Hypothecium: Brownish yellow to brown.

Ascospores: Ellipsoid to oblong, (6.5)-9-13.9-(18) µm long, (3.5)-4.1-6.7-(8) µm wide; wall not ornamented.

Secondary Metabolites: Present, confluentic acid to 2'-O-methylmicrophyllinic acid to 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid to stictic acid.

Spot Tests: Medulla: K –, C –, PD – ascocarp margin (in section): K –, C – disk: C – hypothecium: K – epihymenium: K –.

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