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Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Hertel H. (99-01-01). Data set not revised.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted. Taxonomic rank: species. Lecidea. Synonyms:? Lecidea racovitzae Dodge; Lecideaceae Chevall. (1826); Lecanorales.

Type Information: Protologue: Schaerer L.E., Lich. Helvet. Spicileg. 3: 134 (1828) - Rhizocarpon atrobrunneum Ramond ex Lam. & DC.: Lamarck J.B., De Candolle A.P., Fl. Franc., edit. 3, 2: 367 (1805); type specimen label data: 'Alpes', G-DC, "holotype" - a tiny, sterile fragment - neotypification in prep.).

Taxonomic Literature: Taxonomic notes: The Lecidea atrobrunnea complex is at present under spezial study by H. Hertel and Ch. Leuckert. Fries T.M., Lichenogr. Scand. 481-482 (1874); Vainio E.A., Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 57(2): 96-97 (1934); Anderson R.A., The Lichen Genus Lecidea in Rocky Mountain National Park, 47-49 (Diss. Univ. Colorado, Boulder; 1964); Hertel H., Khumbu Himal 6: 230-232 (1977); Inoue M., J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. B, Div. 2 (Bot.), 18(1): 25-26 (1982); Hertel H., Beih. Nova Hedwigia 79: 416-417 (1984); Clauzade G., Roux C., Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, nouv. ser., num. spec. 7: 458 (1985); Hladun N., Inst. d'estudis Catalans, Arx. Secc. Ciènces 80: 90-91 (1985); Andreev M.P., Baibultova N.E., Novit. Syst. Plant. Non Vasc. 22: 166 (1985); Rambold G., Biblioth. Lichenol. 34: 199-201 (1989); Andreev M.P., Kudratov I., Botan. Zhurn. 77: 103-104 (1992); Türk R., Poelt J., Österr. Akad. Wiss., Biosystematics and Ecology Ser. 3: 62 (1993 - bibliography of Austrian lichens); Hertel H., Biblioth. Lichenol. 58: 154 (1995).

Biogeography: Montane and alpine. Continent: Europe (Au, Co, Cz, Ga, He, Hs, Is, It, Sb, Su), Northern America (Greenland, Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, N.W.T., Yukon), U.S.A.(Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming), Mexico), Southern America (Chile), Asia-Temperate (Cyprus, Turkey, Russia (Arctic regions, Kavkas, Siberia), Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tadshikistan, Pakistan, Kashmir, Mongolia, Japan), Africa (Algier, Maroc, Ethiopia, Kenya), and Australasia (Victoria, N.S.W.).

Thallus: Areolate (primarily areolate), subsquamulose, continuous throughout, dispersed along the periphery, continuous in the centre, or dispersed throughout and distinctly seperate; lobes angular or rounded at the front; separate thallus parts.3-2.5 mm thick. Thallus Size and Differentiation: Large; main branches basally not constricted or basally constricted. Thallus Outline: Margin concolorous, brighter than disk, or darkened the thallus centre. Upper Surface: Verrucose, brown, convoluted, plane or convex; not sorediate; without thalloconidia thalloconidia.

Upper Cortex: Epicortex present. Medulla: Iodine reaction in Lugol's solution positive.

Ascocarps: Soon sessile, slightly constricted or strongly constricted at the base, 2-60 per cm², .8-1.5-(3) mm in diam.. Margin: Not flexuose or slightly flexuose, persistent or excluded, 35-70 µm wide, epruinose. Disk: Plane to weakly convex to rarely strongly convex, black, epruinose, pruina rarely scarce, without an umbo. Exciple: Paraplectenchymatous, hyphae radiating outwards; 3-5 µm wide; grey; not inspersed with crystals or inspersed with crystals. Epithecium: Apical cells green or turquoise, cell pigment reacting with 10% HCl (in H2O), cell pigment HCl+ blue. Hymenium: 40-60 µm high; white or rarely pale green; iodine reaction: Lugol’s positive. Subhymenium: 15-35 µm high; white or rarely pale green. Hypothecium: White, brownish yellow, or rarely brown.

Ascospores: Oblong, (5)-7.3-9.7-(12.5) µm long, (2.8)-3.1-4.6-(5) µm wide; wall not ornamented.

Secondary Metabolites: Rarely not detected or present, confluentic acid or 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid and rarely porphyrilic acid.

Spot Tests: Medulla: K –, C –, PD – ascocarp margin (in section): K –, C – disk: C – hypothecium: K – epihymenium: K –.

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