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Data Set Maintenance: Data set compiled and standard item. Data set author(s): Kainz C. (02-11-19). Data set not revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted. Taxonomic rank: species. Edrudia. Synonyms: Lecanora constipans Nyl.; Polycauliona constipans (Nyl.) Hue; Caloplaca constipans (Nyl.) Zahlbr.; Thamnoma constipans (Nyl.) Gyeln.; Lecanoraceae Körb. (1855); Lecanorales.

Biogeography: Coastal. Continent: Northern America (only known from California, Farallon Islands). Checklist records: United States and Canada (continental).

Thallus: Crustose (dwarf-fruticose, forming dense cushions, commonly 15-25 mm broad), squamulose (dwarf-fruticose, forming dense cushions, commonly 15-25 mm broad); separate thallus parts thick. Upper Surface: Occasionally black, white (basal portions), or orange.

Reproduction Strategy: With sexual (and possible asexual) stages (treminal on branches, commonly eccentrically attached). Ascocarps: Apothecioid, forming independently from the host thallus or mycelium. Margin: Lecanorine, strongly flexuose (becoming), persistent, prominent. Disk: Strongly excavate (becoming), yellowish red. Epithecium: Apical cells distinctly swollen (often), orange. Hymenium: 48-68 µm high. Interascal Hyphae: Scarcely branched. Hypothecium: 36-62 µm high; yellow or white.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus, spores 8 per ascus, ellipsoid, 9.5-14.5 µm long, 4.6-6 µm wide; septa absent (ascospores simple, not polarilocular, commonly with an incomplete transverse cytoplasmic band).

Secondary Metabolites: Present (thallus cortex K+ blood-red (parietin)), of the following substance class(es): (anthra-)quinones.

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