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Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Knoph J.-G., Rambold G. & Triebel D. (94-07-19). Data set reviewer(s): Kainz C. (00-11-15); to be published after submission; 94-07-19.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted. Taxonomic rank: species. Carbonea. Synonyms: Lecidea lacteola Nyl., Lecidella lacteola (Nyl.) Hertel & Leuckert, Lecidea montevidensis Müll.Arg., Carbonea montevidensis (Müll.Arg.) Rambold & Knoph in Rambold, Lecidea anomocarpa Müll.Arg., Lecidea personatula Müll.Arg., Lecidea subcontinuior de Lesd., Lecidea montevidensis Müll.Arg. f. ecrustacea Malme, Lecidea evansii H.Magn., Lecidea amabilis de Lesd. ex H.Magn., Lecidea liguriensis H.Magn.; Lecanoraceae Körb. (1855).

Taxonomic Literature: Knoph et al. in ed., Hertel (1971a: 247-synonymous to Lecidella carpathica, sub Lecidea anomocarpa and Lecidea evansii, 250 - sub Lecidella lacteola), Hertel (1977a: 337-338 - sub Lecidea personatula), Lamb (1963: 336 - sub Lecidea amabilis, 352 - sub Lecidea evansii), Rambold (1989: 79-82 - sub Carbonea montevidensis), Zahlbruckner (1925: 605, 1932a: 345 - sub Lecidea lacteola, 1925: 513 - sub Lecidea anomocarpa, 613-614 - sub Lecidea latypizodes, 667 - sub Lecidea personatula), Zahlbruckner (1940: 298 - sub Lecidea amabilis, 307 - sub Lecidea evansii).

Biogeography: Continent: Africa, Australasia, Europe, Northern America, and Southern America.

Thallus: Indistinct or crustose, granular, rimose, or areolate (primarily areolate); separate thallus parts thin (0.1 - 0.8 mm). Thallus Outline: Persistent. Upper Surface: White, rough; special structures absent. Lower Surface: Special structures present:

Reproduction Strategy: With sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Slightly constricted at the base, .5-.8 mm in diam.. Margin: Strongly flexuose, persistent (mostly), prominent. Disk: Plane to weakly convex, black, epruinose, without an umbo. Exciple: Grey, green, brown, or orange. Amphithecium (thalline excipulum): Present; 15-30 µm wide. Epithecium: Apical cells distinctly swollen, grey or green. Hymenium: White. Hypothecium: White (rarely), brownish yellow, or orange.

Ascospores: Ellipsoid, (8)-9.7-11.9-13.9-(15) µm long, (4)-4.3-6-7.3-(8) µm wide; septa absent.

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