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Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Knoph J.-G., Rambold G. & Triebel D. (94-07-19). Data set reviewer(s): Kainz C. (00-11-15); to be published after submission; 94-07-19.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted. Taxonomic rank: species. Carbonea. Lecanoraceae Körb. (1855).

Taxonomic Literature: Knoph et al. in ed., Hertel (1967: 102-104, 1970a: 39, 1971b: 232, 1973: 484, 1975a: 375-377), Lettau (1954: 233), Poelt (1960: 572), TÜRK & Wittmann (1987: 67), Wittmann et al. (1989: 458), Zahlbruckner (1925: 525, 1932a: 333).

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized or lichenicolous; substrate calciferous. Host or Phorophyte Taxonomy: Lecidella, Lecanoraceae.

Thallus: Crustose, rimose or areolate (primarily areolate); separate thallus parts thick (up to 1.8 mm). Upper Surface: White, rough; special structures absent.

Reproduction Strategy: With sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Slightly constricted at the base, .35-.55 mm in diam.. Margin: Smooth, persistent (mostly), prominent. Disk: Plane to weakly convex, black, epruinose, without an umbo. Exciple: Black, green, or brown. Parathecium (proper excipulum): Dark brown. Amphithecium (thalline excipulum): Present; 25 µm wide. Epithecium: Apical cells distinctly swollen, green or turquoise. Hymenium: White. Hypothecium: Pale to dark brown or brownish yellow.

Ascospores: Ellipsoid, (6)-7.6-8.8-10-(12.5) µm long, (3)-3.3-3.8-4.5-(5) µm wide; septa absent.

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