Zwackhiomyces Grube & Hafellner (1990)

Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Triebel D. Data set reviewer(s): Scholz P. (07-05-15) and Triebel D. (98-01-01; 00-02-10; 01-08-15; 02-07-05); revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted or basionymous. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 23. Zwackhiomyces. Xanthopyreniaceae Zahlbr. (1926); Dothideales.

Type Information: Type: Zwackhiomyces coepulonus (Norman) Grube & R. Sant.

Taxonomic Literature: Taxonomic notes: Ascospores becoming 3-septate when overmature are reported for Z. arenicola (Harris 1995). Alstrup V., Graphis Scripta 5: 96-104 (1993); Alstrup V. & Olech M., Polish Polar Res. 14: 33-42 (1993); Aptroot A., Diederich P., Sérusiaux E. & Sipman H.J.M., Biblioth. Lichenol. 62: 1-220 [209-211] (1997); Calatayud V. & Barreno E. in: Daniels F.J.A., Schulz M. & Peine J. (eds), Flechten Follmann: 397-402, Cologne (1995); Calatayud V., Triebel D. & Pérez-Ortega S., Lichenologist 39(2): 129-134 (2007); Grube M. & Hafellner J., Nova Hedwigia 51: 283-360 (1990); Harris R. C., More Florida lichens including the 10c tour of the pyrenolichens: 1-192 [73], Bronx NY (1995); Hawksworth D.L. & Atienza V., Acta Bot. Fenn. 150: 47-55 (1994); Hawksworth D.L. & Miadlikowska J., Mycol. Res. 101(9): 1127-1134 (1997); Hoffmann N. & Hafellner J., Biblioth. Lichenol. 77: 1-190 [120-131] (2000); Kondratyuk S.Y., Muelleria 9: 93-104 [98, 102-103] (1996); Miadlikowska J. & Alstrup V., Graphis Scripta 7: 7-10 (1995); Navrotskaya I.L., Kondratyuk S.Y., Wasser S.P., Nevo E. & Zelenko S.D., Israel J. Plant Sciences 44: 181-193 [190-191] (1996); Orange A., Mycotaxon 81: 265-279 (2002); Renobales G., Guineana 2: 1-310 [100-101, 245] (1996) - sub Didymella sphinctrinoides; Triebel D., Biblioth. Lichenol. 35: 1-278 [115-122] (1989).

Biogeography: Checklist records: Austria, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, New Guinea, New Zealand, Sonoran Desert, Sweden and Norway, and United States and Canada (continental).

Ecology: Biotroph; algicolous or lichenicolous; bryophytic; substrate non-calciferous or calciferous.

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont absent. Secondary photobiont absent.

Thallus: Indistinct.

Medulla: Iodine reaction in Lugol's solution negative; not different with or without KOH pre-treatment (euamyloid).

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Perithecioid, orbicular, not emerging, becoming adnate to soon sessile. Wall: Not carbonized, not fused. Margin: Distinct to prominent; external filaments absent. Exciple: Black or brown. Periphyses: Absent. Hymenium: Iodine reaction: Lugol’s negative, not hemiamyloid. Interascal Hyphae: Present, scarcely branched to distinctly branched, distinctly anastomosed. Hypothecium: Black, pink (rosé), or brown.

Asci: Tholus thickened, not amyloid; ocular chamber broad (round); dehiscence bitunicate; exoascus not amyloid, not hemiamyloid.

Ascospores: c. 4 to c. 8 per ascus, ellipsoid, broadly ellipsoid, ovoid, or fusiform, 10-43 µm long, 3-13 µm wide, obtuse or aciculate; septa absent or present; transversally septate, 0-1-3-transversally septate, formed by the proper spore wall; wall thin or thick, distinctly differentiated into primary and secondary wall, not thickened at the septum, not constricted where the septum meets the spore wall or laterally constricted where the septum meets the spore wall, hyaline or pale brown, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented or ornamented.

Conidiomata: Absent resp. not observed or present; pycnidial; immersed.

Conidiogeneous Cells: Apical. Conidia: Short bacilliform; microconidial, not branched; aseptate; at least 0-septate; cell wall hyaline.

Secondary Metabolites: Not detected.

(report generated 04.Okt.2007)