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Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Rambold G. Data set reviewer(s): Mattsson J.-E. (95-03-24) and Scholz P. (02-05-17); revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted or basionymous. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 6. Vulpicida. Parmeliaceae Zenker (1827); Lecanorineae; Lecanorales.

Taxonomic Literature: Mattsson J.-E., Opera Bot. 119: 1-61 (1993); Mattsson J.-E. & Lai
M.-J., Mycotaxon 46: 425-428 (1993); Ryan B.D. in: Nash T.H. III et al. (eds) Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region vol. 1, 505-507, Tempe (2002).

Biogeography: Checklist records: Austria, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Sonoran Desert, Sweden and Norway, and United States and Canada (continental).

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized; terricolous, lignicolous, or corticolous; substrate non-calciferous or calciferous.

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont present; chlorococcal. Primary photobiont taxonomy: Trebouxia (A. Beck 22-05-97); Trebouxiaceae; Trebouxiales, Trebouxiophyceae, Eukariota. Secondary photobiont absent.

Thallus: Foliose, crustose, or fruticose, not subdivided parts, subfruticose or granular, lobed. Thallus Outline: Soon disappearing. Upper Surface: Greyish green (almost) or yellow; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate; eciliate; without hairs; not isidate; not sorediate or sorediate; not cephalodiate; not lobulate; without granules granules, without thalloconidia thalloconidia. Lower Surface: Attached by holdfasts; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate; not cyphellate; not rhizinate or rhizinate; without thalloconidia thalloconidia; not cavernulate; not tomentose.

Medulla: Iodine reaction in Lugol's solution negative; not different with or without KOH pre-treatment (euamyloid).

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, orbicular, forming all across the thallus surface or directly at the thallus margin, directly at the tip of the thallus parts, soon sessile. Margin: Prominent; external filaments absent. Exciple: Grey, yellow, or white. Periphyses: Absent. Epithecium: Apical cells brown. Hymenium: Iodine reaction: Lugol’s positive, not hemiamyloid. Interascal Hyphae: Present, scarcely branched, not or scarcely anastomosed. Hypothecium: White.

Asci: Tholus thickened, amyloid, with non-amyloid wide axial body and divergent amyloid flanks towards apex; dehiscence lecanoralean; exoascus not amyloid, not hemiamyloid.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus, globose, broadly ellipsoid, or ellipsoid, 4-6-(7) µm long, 3-5-(6) µm wide, obtuse; septa absent; wall thin, not thickened at the septum, hyaline, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented.

Conidiomata: Absent resp. not observed or present; pycnidial; immersed, sessile, or stipitate, formed occasionally all accross the thallus surface or along the thallus periphery.

Secondary Metabolites: Present, of the following substance class(es): (tri-)terpenoids, pulvinic acid derivatives, or dibenzofurans [and usnic acids].

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