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Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Rambold G. Data set not revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted or basionymous. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 80 (A. Aptroot 99-09-27). Umbilicaria. Synonyms: Awasthia Essl.; Llanoa C.W. Dodge; Umbilicariaceae Chevall. (1826); Umbilicariineae; Lecanorales.

Taxonomic Literature: Clauzade G. & Roux C., Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest N.S. - Numero
Special 7: 1-893 [762-770] (1985); Codogno M., Poelt J. &
Puntillo D., Pl. Syst. Evol. 165: 55-69 (1989); Galloway D.J., Flora
of New Zealand Lichens: i-lxxiii, 1-662 [589-595], Wellington (1985);
Hestmark G., Nord. J. Bot. 9: 547-574 (1990); Krog H. & Swinscow
T.D., Nordic J. Bot. 6: 75-85 (1986); Poelt J., Khumbu Himal 6: 397-
435 (1977); Poelt J. & Nash T.H., Bryologist 96: 422-430 (1993);
Poelt J. & Vezda A., Biblioth. Lichenol. 16: 1-390 [336-353]
(1981); Purvis O.W. in: Purvis O.W. et al. (eds), The Lichen Flora of
Great Britain and Ireland, London (1992); Sipman H.J.M & Topham
P., Nova Hedwigia 54: 63-75 (1992).

Biogeography: Checklist records: Austria, Bolivia, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, New Zealand, Sonoran Desert, Sweden and Norway, United States and Canada (continental), and Republic of South Africa.

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont present; chlorococcal. Secondary photobiont absent.

Thallus: Foliose, not subdivided parts, granular, rimose, or areolate (primarily areolate), umbilicate or lobed. Thallus Outline: Soon disappearing. Upper Surface: Black, grey, brown, white, brownish yellow, or pink (rosé); special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate; eciliate or ciliate; without hairs; not isidate or isidiate; not sorediate or sorediate; not cephalodiate; not lobulate; without granules granules, without thalloconidia thalloconidia. Lower Surface: Attached by holdfasts; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate; not cyphellate; not rhizinate or rhizinate; without thalloconidia or with thalloconidia thalloconidia; not cavernulate; not tomentose.

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, orbicular or irregular, forming all across the thallus surface, not emerging, becoming adnate to substipitate. Margin: Prominent; external filaments absent. Exciple: Black or brown. Periphyses: Absent. Epithecium: Apical cells brown. Interascal Hyphae: Present, scarcely branched, not or scarcely anastomosed. Hypothecium: Black or brown.

Asci: Tholus thickened, amyloid, entirely amyloid throughout; dehiscence lecanoralean.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus, ellipsoid, 7-24 µm long, 3-21 µm wide, obtuse; septa absent or present; both transversally and longitudinally; wall thin, not thickened at the septum, dark brown, hyaline, or pale brown, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented.

Secondary Metabolites: Present, of the following substance class(es): orcinol depsides and ß-orcinol depsidones.

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