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Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Triebel D. Data set reviewer(s): Triebel D. (98-01-01, 99-06-01) and Scholz P. (02-05-17); revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted or basionymous. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 50. Toninia. Biatoraceae A. Massal. ex Stiz. (1862); Lecanorineae; Lecanorales.

Taxonomic Literature: Clauzade G. & Roux C., Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, N.S. 7: 1-
893 [752-757] (1985); Galloway D.J., Flora of New Zealand. Lichens: 1-
662 [582-583] (1985); Rambold G. & Triebel D., Biblioth.
Lichenol. 48: 1-201 [131-134] (1992); Renobales G., Guineana 2: 1-310
[181-184] (1996); Timdal E., Opera Bot. 110 (1991); Timdal E. in:
Nash T.H. III et al. (eds) Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert
Region vol. 1, 488-501, Tempe (2002); Timdal E. & James P.W. in:
Purvis O.W., Coppins B.J., Hawksworth D.L., James P.W. & Moore
D.M. (eds), The lichen flora of Great Britain and Ireland: 1-710 [603-
609] (1992).

Biogeography: Checklist records: Austria, Germany, Great Britain, Guianas, Italy, New Zealand, Sonoran Desert, Sweden and Norway, United States and Canada (continental), Namibia, and Republic of South Africa.

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized or lichenicolous; terricolous, bryophytic, or corticolous; substrate non-calciferous or calciferous.

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont absent or present; chlorococcal. Primary photobiont taxonomy: Trebouxia (A. Beck 22-05-97); Trebouxiaceae; Trebouxiales, Trebouxiophyceae, Eukariota. Secondary photobiont absent.

Thallus: Indistinct or crustose, squamulose, rimose, or areolate (primarily areolate). Upper Surface: Grey, green, yellow, brown, white, olive, brownish yellow, or pink (rosé); special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate or pseudocyphellate; eciliate; without hairs; not isidate; not sorediate; not cephalodiate; not lobulate; without granules granules, without thalloconidia thalloconidia. Lower Surface: Attached by the whole lower surface or attached by holdfasts; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate; not cyphellate; not rhizinate; without thalloconidia thalloconidia; not cavernulate; not tomentose or tomentose.

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, orbicular, forming all across the thallus surface or directly at the thallus margin, soon sessile to substipitate. Margin: Distinct to prominent; external filaments absent. Exciple: Grey, green, brown, white, olive, brownish yellow, or violet. Periphyses: Absent. Epithecium: Apical cells grey, green, brown, hyaline, olive, brownish yellow, or bluish red (= reddish blue, incl. violet, purple). Hymenium: Iodine reaction: Lugol’s positive. Interascal Hyphae: Present, scarcely branched, not or scarcely anastomosed. Hypothecium: Black, brown, white, or brownish yellow.

Asci: Tholus thickened, amyloid, with non-amyloid narrow axial body and amyloid convergent flanks towards apex; ocular chamber broad; dehiscence lecanoralean; exoascus not amyloid or euamyloid, not hemiamyloid.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus, broadly ellipsoid, ellipsoid, fusiform, filiform, cylindrical, or oblong, 8-55 µm long, 2.5-5.5 µm wide, obtuse or aciculate; septa absent or present; transversally septate, 1-7-(9)-transversally septate, formed by the proper spore wall; wall thin, not thickened at the septum, not constricted where the septum meets the spore wall or laterally constricted where the septum meets the spore wall, hyaline, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented.

Conidiomata: Absent resp. not observed or present; pycnidial; immersed to adnate, formed all accross the thallus surface.

Secondary Metabolites: Not detected or present, of the following substance class(es): ß-orcinol depsides, (higher) aliphatic acids, (tri-)terpenoids, and dibenzofurans [and usnic acids].

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