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Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Rambold G. Data set reviewer(s): Keller C. (98-07-10) and Scholz P. (02-05-17); revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted or basionymous. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 40. Staurothele. Verrucariaceae Zenker (1827); Verrucariales.

Taxonomic Literature: Aptroot A., Diederich P., Sérusiaux E. & Sipman H.J.M.,
Biblioth. Lichenol. 64: 1-220 [186] (1997); Clauzade G. & Roux
C., Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest N.S. - Numero Special 7: 1-893 [716-
721] (1985); Galloway D.J., Flora of New Zealand Lichens: i-lxxiii, 1-
662 [538-539], Wellington (1985); Purvis O.W. & James P.W. in:
Purvis O.W. et al. (eds), The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and
Ireland, London (1992); Harada H. & Wang L.-S., Lichenologist 28:
297-305 (1996); Swinscow T.D.V., Lichenologist 2: 152-171 (1963);
Swinscow T.D.V., Lichenologist 3: 72-83 (1965); Thomson J.W.,
Bryologist 94: 351-367 (1991); Thomson J.W. in: Nash T.H. III et al.
(eds) Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region vol. 1, 468-
472, Tempe (2002); Zschacke H., Rabenhorst's Kryptog. Fl.
ed. 2, 9:
1-695 [505-553], Leipzig (1934).

Biogeography: Checklist records: Austria, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, New Guinea, New Zealand, Sonoran Desert, Sweden and Norway, United States and Canada (continental), and Republic of South Africa.

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont present (also in the hymenium); chlorococcal. Primary photobiont taxonomy: Protococcus and Stichococcus (A. Beck 22-05-97); genus incertae sedis; family of unknown placement (incertae sedis), Trebouxiophyceae, Eukariota. Secondary photobiont absent.

Thallus: Indistinct or crustose, not subdivided parts, granular or rimose. Thallus Outline: Soon disappearing or persistent. Upper Surface: Black, grey, green, brown, or brownish yellow; special structures absent. Lower Surface: Attached by the whole lower surface; special structures absent.

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Perithecioid, orbicular, forming all across the thallus surface, not emerging, becoming adnate to soon sessile. Margin: Indistinct to distinct; external filaments absent. Exciple: Black, brown, white, or brownish yellow. Periphyses: Present. Hymenium: Iodine reaction: Lugol’s negative or Lugol’s positive, not hemiamyloid or hemiamyloid. Interascal Hyphae: Absent. Hypothecium: Black, brown, white, or brownish yellow.

Asci: Tholus thickened, not amyloid; ocular chamber indistinct; dehiscence verrucarial; exoascus not amyloid, not hemiamyloid.

Ascospores: 1–2 to c. 8 per ascus, ellipsoid, ovoid, or oblong, 20-88 µm long, 9-28 µm wide, obtuse; septa present; both transversally and longitudinally; wall thin, not thickened at the septum, dark brown, hyaline, or pale brown, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented.

Conidiomata: Absent resp. not observed or present; pycnidial; immersed, formed all accross the thallus surface.

Conidiogeneous Cells: Apical. Conidia: Bacilliform; not branched; aseptate; cell wall hyaline.

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