Rinodina (Ach.) Gray (1821)

Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Rambold G. Data set reviewer(s): Matzer M. & Mayrhofer H. (95-01-15); revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 200. Rinodina. Physciaceae Zahlbr. (1898); Lecanorineae; Lecanorales.

Type Information: Type: Rinodina sophodes (Ach.) A. Massal.

Taxonomic Literature: Aptroot A., Pyxinaceae (Lichens) in: Görts-van Rijn A.R.A.,
Flora of the Guianas: 1-59 (1987); Aptroot A., Diederich P.,
Sérusiaux E. & Sipman H.J.M., Biblioth. Lichenol. 64: 1-
220 [171-174] (1997); Clauzade G. & Roux C., Bull. Soc. Bot.
Centre-Ouest, N.S. 7: 1-893 [681-696] (1985); Fox B.W. & Purvis
O.W. in: Purvis O.W., Coppins B.J., Hawksworth D.L., James P.W. &
Moore D.M. (eds), The lichen flora of Great Britain and Ireland: 1-
710 [543-552] (1992); Galloway D.J., Flora of New Zealand. Lichens: 1-
662 [507-516] (1985); Giralt M. & Matzer M., Lichenologist 26:
319-332 (1994); Giralt M. & Mayrhofer H., Mycotaxon 40: 435-439
(1991); Giralt M. & Mayrhofer H., Herzogia 10: 29-37 (1994);
Giralt M. & Mayrhofer H., Nova Hedwigia 59: 129-142 (1994);
Giralt M. & Mayrhofer H. in: Knoph J.-G., Schrüfer K. &
Sipman H.J.M., Biblioth. Lichenol. 57: 127-160 (1995); Giralt M.,
Obermayer W. & Mayrhofer H., Herzogia 9: 709-714 (1993); Giralt
M., Barbero M. & Boom P.P.G. van den, Lichenologist 28: 1-8
(1996); Hafellner J., Mayrhofer H. & Poelt J., Herzogia 5: 39-79
(1979); Hecklau Ch., Leuckert C. & Mayrhofer H., Herzogia 5: 489-
498 (1981); Hinteregger E., Biblioth. Lichenol. 55: 1-346 (1994);
Hinteregger E., Mayrhofer H. & Poelt J., Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereins
Steiermark 119: 83-112 (1989); Kalb K. & Hafellner J., Herzogia
9: 45-102 (1992); Lamb I.M., Sci. Rep. Brit. Antarc. Surv. 61: 1-129
(1968); Leuckert C. & Mayrhofer H., Herzogia 6: 373-385 (1984);
Lindsay D.C., Bull. Brit. Antarc. Surv. 24: 11-19 (1971); Lindsay
D.C., Bull. Brit. Antarc. Surv. 37: 81-89 (1973); Matzer M.,
Mayrhofer H., Sattler J. & Clerk P., Nord. J. Bot. 14: 105-111
(1994); Matzer M. & Mayrhofer H., Acta Bot. Fenn. 150: 109-120
(1994); Mayrhofer H., Lichenologist 15: 267-282 (1983); Mayrhofer H.
in: Hertel H. & Oberwinkler F. (eds), Beih. Nova Hedwigia 79: 511-
536 (1984); Mayrhofer H., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 55: 327-493 (1984);
Mayrhofer H. in: Nimis P.L. & Poelt J., Stud. Geobot. 7, suppl.
1: 208-215 (1987); Mayrhofer H. & Leuckert C., Herzogia 7: 117-
129 (1985); Mayrhofer H. & Poelt J., Biblioth. Lichenol. 12: 1-
186 (1979); Mayrhofer H. & Sheard J.W., Bryologist 91: 106-112
(1988); Mayrhofer H., Scheidegger C. & Sheard J.W., Biblioth.
Lichenol. 38: 335-356 (1990); Mayrhofer H., Scheidegger C. &
Sheard J.W., Nord. J. Bot. 12: 451-459 (1992); Mayrhofer H., Matzer
M., Sattler J. & Egea J.M., Nova Hedwigia 57: 281-304 (1993);
Ropin K. & Mayrhofer H., Herzogia 9: 779-835 (1993); Ropin K.
& Mayrhofer H. in: Farkas E.+., Lücking R. & Wirth V.
(eds), Biblioth. Lichenol. 58: 361-382 (1995); Poelt J. &
Mayrhofer H., Sydowia, Beih. 8: 312-331 (1979); Poelt J. & Vezda
A., Biblioth. Lichenol. 16: 1-390 [284-304] (1981); Rambold G. &
Triebel D., Biblioth. Lichenol. 48: 1-201 [125-127] (1992); Rambold
G., Mayrhofer H. & Matzer M., Pl. Syst. Evol. 192: 31-40 (1994);
Sheard J.W., Lichenologist 3: 328-367 (1967); Sheard J.W., Bryologist
85: 88-95 (1982); Steiner M. & Mayhofer H., Nova Hedwigia 45: 315-
326 (1987) 497.

Biogeography: Checklist records: Austria, Bolivia, Germany, Great Britain, Guianas, Italy, New Guinea, New Zealand, Sonoran Desert, Sweden and Norway, Thailand, United States and Canada (continental), and Republic of South Africa.

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized or lichenicolous; terricolous, bryophytic, lignicolous, or corticolous; substrate non-calciferous or calciferous.

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont present; chlorococcal. Secondary photobiont absent.

Thallus: Crustose, not subdivided parts, granular, rimose, or areolate (primarily areolate). Thallus Outline: Soon disappearing or persistent. Upper Surface: Black, grey, green, yellow, brown, white, olive, or brownish yellow; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate; eciliate; without hairs; not isidate or isidiate; not sorediate or sorediate; not cephalodiate; not lobulate; without granules granules, without thalloconidia thalloconidia. Lower Surface: Attached by the whole lower surface; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate; not cyphellate; not rhizinate; without thalloconidia thalloconidia; not cavernulate; not tomentose.

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, orbicular, forming all across the thallus surface, not emerging, becoming adnate to soon sessile. Margin: Indistinct to prominent; external filaments absent. Exciple: Black, green, brown, white, or brownish yellow. Periphyses: Absent. Epithecium: Apical cells black, grey, green, brown, olive, or brownish yellow. Interascal Hyphae: Present, scarcely branched, not or scarcely anastomosed. Hypothecium: Black, grey, brown, white, or brownish yellow.

Asci: Tholus thickened, amyloid, with non-amyloid narrow axial body and amyloid convergent flanks towards apex or with non-amyloid wide axial body and divergent amyloid flanks towards apex; dehiscence lecanoralean.

Ascospores: c. 8 to 16-32 per ascus, broadly ellipsoid or ellipsoid, 11-34 µm long, 6-19 µm wide, obtuse; septa present; transversally septate, 1-(never 2)-5-transversally septate; wall thin, not thickened at the septum or thickened at the septum, laterally constricted where the septum meets the spore wall, dark brown, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented or ornamented.

Conidiomata: Absent resp. not observed or present; pycnidial; immersed, formed all accross the thallus surface.

Conidiogeneous Cells: Apical or intercalar. Conidia: Bacilliform.

Secondary Metabolites: Not detected or present, of the following substance class(es): ß-orcinol depsides, ß-orcinol depsidones, (tri-)terpenoids, and xanthones.

(report generated 04.Okt.2007)