Pyrenula Ach. (1814)

Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Rambold G. Data set reviewer(s): Aptroot A. (95-02-10, 95-02-18, 00-04-04), Triebel D. (00-04-04), and Scholz P. (02-05-16); revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted or basionymous. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 200 (A. Aptroot 99-09-27). Pyrenula. Synonyms: Bottariomyces Cif. & Tomas., Melanotheca Fée, Mycopyrenula

Vain., Parathelium Nyl., Parmentaria Fée, Pleurotheliopsis

Zahlbr., Pyrenastrum Eschw.; Pyrenulaceae Rabenh. (1870); Pyrenulales.

Type Information: Type: Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach.

Taxonomic Literature: Aptroot A., Biblioth. Lichenol. 44: 1-178 (1991); Aptroot A. in: Nash
T.H. III et al. (eds) Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert
Region vol. 1, 435-437, Tempe (2002); Aptroot A., Diederich P.,
Sérusiaux E. & Sipman H.J.M., Biblioth. Lichenol. 64: 1-
220 [152-169] (1997); Clauzade G. & Roux C., Bull. Soc. Bot.
Centre-Ouest N.S. - Numero Special 7: 1-893 [653-654] (1985);
Galloway D.J., Flora of New Zealand Lichens: i-lxxiii, 1-662 [487-
493; 272-274 - sub Melanotheca; 353-354 - sub Parmentaria],
Wellington (1985); Harris R.C., Michigan Bot. 12: 3- 68 (1973);
Harris R.C., Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 49: 74-107 (1989); Harris R.C.,
Some Florida lichens: 1-109 [64-69], Bronx, NY (1990); Harris R. C.,
More Florida lichens including the 10c tour of the pyrenolichens: 1

192 [101-111], Bronx NY (1995); Hawksworth D.L. in: Purvis O.W. et

al. (eds), The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Ireland, London
(1992); Poelt J. & Vezda A., Biblioth. Lichenol. 16: 1-390 [260-
262] (1981).

Biogeography: Checklist records: Austria, Germany, Great Britain, Guianas, Italy, New Guinea, New Zealand, Sonoran Desert, Sweden and Norway, Thailand, United States and Canada (continental), and Republic of South Africa.

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized; corticolous; substrate non-calciferous (a species on silicious rock will be described by Aptroot, pers. com. 00-04-06).

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont absent (in Pyrenula coryli) or present; trentepohlioid. Primary photobiont taxonomy: Trentepohlia (A. Beck 22-05-97); Trentepohliaceae; Trentepohliales, Ulvophyceae, Eukariota. Secondary photobiont absent.

Thallus: Indistinct or crustose, not subdivided parts, areolate (primarily areolate). Thallus Outline: Soon disappearing or persistent. Upper Surface: Grey, yellow, brown, red, white, olive, brownish yellow, or orange; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate or pseudocyphellate (pseudocyphellae); eciliate; without hairs; not isidate; not sorediate; not cephalodiate; not lobulate; without granules granules, without thalloconidia thalloconidia. Lower Surface: Attached by the whole lower surface; special structures absent; not pseudocyphellate; not cyphellate; not rhizinate; without thalloconidia thalloconidia; not cavernulate; not tomentose.

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Perithecioid, orbicular, forming all across the thallus surface, not emerging, becoming adnate to soon sessile, stromatic. Wall: With a carbonized black clypeus around the ostiole, not fused or fused. Margin: Distinct to prominent; external filaments absent. Exciple: Black, brown, or brownish yellow. Periphyses: Present. Hymenium: Iodine reaction: not hemiamyloid or hemiamyloid. Interascal Hyphae: Present, scarcely branched, not or scarcely anastomosed to distinctly anastomosed. Hypothecium: Black, brown, white, or brownish yellow.

Asci: Tholus thickened, not amyloid; ocular chamber indistinct; dehiscence bitunicate.

Ascospores: 1–2 to c. 8 per ascus, ellipsoid, oblong, or fusiform, 9-200 µm long, 4-55 µm wide, obtuse or aciculate; septa present; transversally septate or both transversally and longitudinally, 2-30-transversally septate, formed by the proper spore wall or endospore wall layer; wall thin, not thickened at the septum or thickened at the septum, dark brown or pale brown, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented.

Conidiomata: Absent resp. not observed or present; pycnidial; formed all accross the thallus surface.

Conidia: Filiform; not branched; aseptate; cell wall hyaline.

Secondary Metabolites: Not detected or present, of the following substance class(es): (anthra-)quinones (only anthraquinones no other quinones) and xanthones (lichexanthone).

(report generated 04.Okt.2007)