Pseudocyphellaria Vain. (1890)

Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Rambold G. Data set reviewer(s): Scholz P. (02-05-16); revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted or basionymous. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 112. Pseudocyphellaria. Lobariaceae Chevall. (1826); Peltigerineae; Lecanorales.

Type Information: Type: Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Ac.) Vain.

Taxonomic Literature: Galloway D.J., Flora of New Zealand Lichens: i-lxxiii, 1-662 [420-

460], Wellington (1985); Galloway D.J., Lichenologist 18: 105-168

(1986); Galloway D.J., Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 17: 1-
267
(1988); Galloway D.J. & Arvidsson L., Lichenologist 22: 103-
135
(1990); Galloway D.J. & James P.W., Nova Hedwigia 42: 423-
490
(1986); Poelt J. & Vezda A., Biblioth. Lichenol. 16: 1-390
[252-
253] (1981); Keuck G., Biblioth. Lichenol. 6: 1-175 (1977);
Purvis
O.W. in: Purvis O.W. et al. (eds), The Lichen Flora of Great
Britain
and Ireland, London (1992); Ryan B.D. & Galloway D.J.
in: Nash T.H. III et al. (eds) Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran
Desert Region vol. 1, 413-415, Tempe (2002).

Biogeography: Checklist records: Bolivia, Great Britain, Guianas, Italy, New Zealand, Sonoran Desert, Sweden and Norway, Thailand, United States and Canada (continental), and Republic of South Africa.

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized; terricolous, lignicolous, or corticolous; substrate non-calciferous.

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont present; cyanobacterial and chlorococcal. Primary photobiont taxonomy: Chlorella saccharophila-group (A. Beck 22-05-97), Dictyochloropsis, and Nostoc; Nostocaceae and genus incertae sedis; Dictyochloropsis-group and Nostocales, Cyanobacteria and Trebouxiophyceae, Prokaryota or Eukariota. Secondary photobiont absent or present. Secondary photobiont taxonomy: Nostoc, Nostocaceae, Nostocales, Cyanobacteria, Prokaryota.

Thallus: Foliose, not subdivided parts, lobed. Thallus Outline: Soon disappearing. Upper Surface: Black, grey, green, yellow, brown, white, olive, or brownish yellow; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate or pseudocyphellate; eciliate; without hairs or hairy; not isidate or isidiate; not sorediate or sorediate; not cephalodiate or cephalodiate; not lobulate or lobulate; without granules granules, without thalloconidia thalloconidia. Lower Surface: Attached by holdfasts; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate or pseudocyphellate; not cyphellate; not rhizinate; without thalloconidia thalloconidia; not cavernulate; not tomentose or tomentose.

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, orbicular, forming all across the thallus surface, becoming adnate to substipitate. Margin: Distinct to prominent; external filaments absent. Exciple: Black, white, or brownish yellow. Periphyses: Absent. Epithecium: Apical cells brown or olive. Interascal Hyphae: Present, scarcely branched, not or scarcely anastomosed. Hypothecium: Brown, white, brownish yellow, or violet.

Asci: Tholus thickened, amyloid, with amyloid cap; dehiscence lecanoralean or unitunicate.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus, ellipsoid or fusiform, 20-38-(43) µm long, 6-11.5 µm wide, obtuse or aciculate; septa absent or present; transversally septate, (0)-1-3-(5)-transversally septate; wall thin, not thickened at the septum, dark brown, hyaline, or pale brown, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented.

Conidiomata: Absent resp. not observed or present; pycnidial; immersed, formed all accross the thallus surface or along the thallus periphery.

Conidiogeneous Cells: Intercalar. Conidia: Bifusiform or bacilliform.

Secondary Metabolites: Present, of the following substance class(es): orcinol depsides, ß-orcinol depsides, ß-orcinol depsidones, (tri-)terpenoids, (anthra-)quinones, pulvinic acid derivatives, and dibenzofurans [and usnic acids].

(report generated 04.Okt.2007)