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Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Rambold G. Data set reviewer(s): Elix J. A. (95-06-01) and Scholz P. (02-05-16); revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted or basionymous. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 50 (A. Aptroot 99-09-27). Parmelia. Parmeliaceae Zenker (1827); Lecanorineae; Lecanorales.

Taxonomic Literature: Elix J.A., Bryologist 96: 359-383 (1993); Galloway D.J., Flora of New

Zealand Lichens: i-lxxiii, 1-662 [337-344], Wellington (1985); Hale

M.E., Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 66: 1-55 (1987); Nash T.H. III &
Elix J.A. in: Nash T.H. et al. (eds) Lichen Flora of the Greater
Sonoran Desert Region vol. 1, 308-310, Tempe (2002); Purvis O.W.
&
James P.W. in: Purvis O.W. et al. (eds), The Lichen Flora of
Great
Britain and Ireland, London (1992); Thell A., Mattsson J.-E.
&
Kärnefelt I., Cryptog. Bot. 5: 120-127 (1995).

Biogeography: Checklist records: Austria, Bolivia, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, New Zealand, Sonoran Desert, Sweden and Norway, Thailand, United States and Canada (continental), Namibia, and Republic of South Africa.

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized; terricolous, bryophytic, or corticolous; substrate non-calciferous.

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont present; chlorococcal. Primary photobiont taxonomy: Trebouxia (A. Beck 22-05-97); Trebouxiaceae; Trebouxiales, Trebouxiophyceae, Eukariota. Secondary photobiont absent.

Thallus: Foliose, not subdivided parts, lobed. Thallus Outline: Soon disappearing. Upper Surface: Grey; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate or pseudocyphellate; eciliate; without hairs; not isidate or isidiate; not sorediate or sorediate; not cephalodiate; not lobulate or lobulate; without granules granules, without thalloconidia thalloconidia. Lower Surface: Attached by holdfasts; special structures present:; not pseudocyphellate; not cyphellate; rhizinate; without thalloconidia thalloconidia; not cavernulate; not tomentose.

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, orbicular, forming all across the thallus surface, soon sessile. Margin: Prominent; external filaments absent. Exciple: Grey or white. Periphyses: Absent. Epithecium: Apical cells brown or brownish yellow. Interascal Hyphae: Present, scarcely branched, not or scarcely anastomosed. Hypothecium: White.

Asci: Tholus thickened, amyloid, with non-amyloid wide axial body and divergent amyloid flanks towards apex; dehiscence lecanoralean.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus, ellipsoid, 11-15 µm long, 6-9 µm wide, obtuse; septa absent; wall thin, not thickened at the septum, hyaline, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented.

Conidiomata: Absent resp. not observed or present; pycnidial; immersed, formed all accross the thallus surface.

Secondary Metabolites: Present, of the following substance class(es): orcinol depsides, orcinol depsidones, ß-orcinol depsides, ß-orcinol depsidones, and (higher) aliphatic acids.

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