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Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Triebel D. Data set reviewer(s): Triebel D. (98-01-01; 01-08-12); revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted or basionymous. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 3. Paranectria. Bionectriaceae Samuels & Rossman (1999); Hypocreales.

Taxonomic Literature: Cole M.S. & Hawksworth D.L., Mycotaxon 77: 305-338 [324-326] (2001); Etayo J., Nova Hedwigia 67(3-4): 499-509 (1998); Hawksworth D.L., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 40: 375-397 [389-392] (1989);
Hawksworth D.L., Lichenologist 15: 1-44 [11-12] (1983); Hawksworth
D.L. & Pirozynski K.A., Canad. J. Bot. 55: 2555-2557 (1977);
Rossman A.Y., Mycol. Pap. 150: 1-164 [76-77] (1983); Rossman A.Y.,
Samuels G.J., Rogerson C.T. & Lowen R., Genera of the
Hypocreales: 1-7 (1993) - [unpublished manuscript presented at the
First International Workshop on Ascomycete Systematics, Paris];
Samuels G.J., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 26: 1-126 [6-7] (1976) - sub
Ciliomyces; Santesson R., Thunbergia 21: 1-18 [7, 15] (1994); Triebel
D., Biblioth. Lichenol. 35: 1-278 [229-230] (1989).

Biogeography: Checklist records: Austria, Great Britain, Sweden and Norway, and United States and Canada (continental).

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenicolous; terricolous, bryophytic, or corticolous; substrate non-calciferous.

Thallus: Indistinct, not subdivided parts, filamentose. Upper Surface: White; special structures absent. Lower Surface: Attached by the whole lower surface; special structures absent.

Medulla: Iodine reaction in Lugol's solution negative; not different with or without KOH pre-treatment (euamyloid).

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Perithecioid, orbicular, forming all across the thallus surface, soon sessile, stromatic. Margin: External filaments absent or present. Exciple: White, brownish yellow, or orange. Periphyses: Present. Hymenium: Iodine reaction: Lugol’s negative, not hemiamyloid. Interascal Hyphae: Absent. Hypothecium: White, brownish yellow, or orange.

Asci: Tholus not thickened or thickened, not amyloid; dehiscence unitunicate; exoascus not amyloid, not hemiamyloid.

Ascospores: 1–2 to c. 8 per ascus, ellipsoid, oblong-obtuse, or broadly fusiform, 21-45.5 µm long, 5-20.5 µm wide, aciculate; septa present; transversally septate or both transversally and longitudinally, 2-8-transversally septate; wall thin or thick, distinctly differentiated into primary and secondary wall, not thickened at the septum, hyaline, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented.

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