Opegrapha Ach. (1809)

Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Triebel D. Data set reviewer(s): Egea J.M. & Torrente P. (00-03-20), Scholz P. (06-06-12; 07-07-24), and Triebel D. (99-02-12; 00-02-29; 00-06-29; 01-08-12); revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted or basionymous. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 300. Opegrapha. Roccellaceae Chevall. (1826); Arthoniales.

Type Information: Type: Opegrapha vulgata (Ach.) Ach.

Taxonomic Literature: Alstrup V. & Hawksworth D.L., Meddel. Grønland, Biosci.
31: 1-90 [49-51] (1990); Aptroot A., Diederich P., Sérusiaux
E. & Sipman H.J.M., Biblioth. Lichenol. 64: 1-220 [116-122]
(1997); Atienza V., Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 50: 159-162 (1992);
Clauzade G. & Roux C., Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, N.S. 7: 1
893 [532-543] (1985); Clauzade G., Diederich P. & Roux C., Bull.
Soc. Linn. Provençe, N.S. 1: 1-142 [62-67] (1989) - sub O.
anomea, O. melanospila, O. quaternella, O. stigmodes; Cole M.S. &
Hawksworth D.L., Mycotaxon 77: 305-338 [322-324] (2001); Coppins
B.J., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 44: 601-606 (1987); Coppins
B.J. & James P.W., Lichenologist 11: 139-179 [164-166] (1979);
Coppins B.J. & Kondratyuk S.Y., Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 32: 9-
14 (1998); Ertz D., Christnach C., Wedin M. & Diederich P.,
Biblioth. Lichenol. 91: 1-155 [132-135] (2005); Ertz D., Diederich
P., Lichenologist 35(2): 147-149 (2003); Ertz D., Diederich P. &
Miądlikowska J., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 144: 235-241 (2004); Etayo
J., Bull. Soc. Linn. Provençe 47: 93-110 [103-104] (1996); Etayo J. & Aptroot A., Biblioth. Ci. 20: 63-93 [78-80] (2005); Etayo J. & Diederich P., Lichenologist 30(2): 103-120 [109-110] (1998); Follmann G. & Werner B.C., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 94: 261-292 (2003); Galloway D.J., Flora of New Zealand. Lichens: 1 662 [325-328] (1985); Hafellner J., Herzogia 7: 163-180 [173-175] (1986); Hafellner J., Herzogia 10: 1-28 [12-18] (1994); Hafellner J., Bull. Soc. Linn. Provençe 45: 219-234 [227] (1994); Hafellner J., Fritschiana 36: 11-17 (2002); Isbrand S. & Alstrup V., Bryologist 95: 233-234 (1992); Kalb K. & Elix J.A. in: Knoph J.-G., Schrüfer K. & Sipman H.J.M. (eds), Biblioth. Lichenol. 57: 265-296 [294-295] (1995); Kalb K., Hafellner J. & Staiger B., Biblioth. Lichenol. 59: 199-222 [210- 211, fig. 21-22] (1995); Keissler K. von, Rabenh. Kryptog.-Fl. 8: 1- 712 [493, 499-501] (1930) - sub Leptosphaeria geographicola; Kondratyuk S.Y. & Galloway D.J. in: Knoph J.-G., Schrüfer K. & Sipman H.J.M. (eds), Biblioth. Lichenol. 57: 327-245 [332- 335] (1995); Kondratyuk S.Ya. & Kudratov I., Ukrayins'k. Bot. Zhurn. 59(4): 420-425 (2002); Lücking R., Trop. Bryol. 15: 45-76 [61-62](1998); Lücking R., Lichenologist 31(3): 269-289 (1999); Matzer M., Mycol. Pap. 171: 1-202 [60-93] (1996); Navrotskaya J.L., Kondratyuk S.Y. & Wasser
S.P., Nevo E. & Zelenko S.D., Israel J. Plant Sciences 44: 181-193 (1996); Pentecost A. & Coppins B.J., Bull. Br. Lichen. Soc. 53: 27-35 (1983); Pentecost A. & James P.W. in: Purvis O.W., Coppins B.J., Hawksworth D.L., James P.W. & Moore D.M. eds), The lichen flora of Great Britain and Ireland: 1- 710 [404 415] (1992); Santesson R., Symb. Bot. Upsal. 12(1): 1-590 [96- 103] (1952); Santesson R., The lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Sweden and Norway, Lund: 1-240 [150-153] (1993); Santesson R., Symb. Bot. Upsal. 12(1): 1-590 [99] (1952); Tehler A., Canad. J. Bot. 68: 2458-2492 (1990); Thor G., Lücking R. & Matsumoto T., Acta Univ. Upsal. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 32(3): 1-72 [49-50] (2000); Torrente P. & Egea J.M., Biblioth. Lichenol. 32: 1 282 (1989); Torrente P. & Egea J.M., Cryptog. Bryol. Lichénol. 10: 313-317 (1989);
Torrente P. & Egea J.M., Mycotaxon 45: 83-92 (1992); Triebel D.,
Biblioth. Lichenol. 35: 1-278 [138-142] (1989); Vezda A., Ceská Mykol. 23: 104-109 (1969).

Biogeography: Checklist records: Austria, Bolivia, Germany, Great Britain, Guianas, Italy, New Guinea, New Zealand, Sonoran Desert, Sweden and Norway, Thailand, United States and Canada (continental), Namibia, and Republic of South Africa.

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized or lichenicolous; terricolous, bryophytic, lignicolous, corticolous, or epiphyllous; substrate non-calciferous or calciferous.

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont absent or present; trentepohlioid. Primary photobiont taxonomy: Phycopeltis and Trentepohlia (A. Beck 22-05-97); Trentepohliaceae; Trentepohliales, Ulvophyceae, Eukariota. Secondary photobiont absent.

Thallus: Indistinct or crustose, not subdivided parts, leprose or rimose. Thallus Outline: Soon disappearing or persistent. Upper Surface: White, grey, olive, brownish yellow, or brown; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate; eciliate; without hairs; not isidate; not sorediate or sorediate; not cephalodiate; not lobulate; without granules granules, without thalloconidia thalloconidia. Lower Surface: Attached by the whole lower surface; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate; not cyphellate; not rhizinate; without thalloconidia thalloconidia; not cavernulate; not tomentose.

Medulla: Iodine reaction in Lugol's solution negative; not different with or without KOH pre-treatment (euamyloid).

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, orbicular, irregular, or linear, forming all across the thallus surface, not emerging, becoming adnate to soon sessile, stromatic. Margin: Distinct to prominent; external filaments absent. Exciple: Black, green, brownish yellow, or brown. Periphyses: Absent. Epithecium: Apical cells hyaline, black, red, green, olive, brownish yellow, brown, or orange. Hymenium: Iodine reaction: Lugol’s negative or Lugol’s positive, not hemiamyloid or hemiamyloid. Interascal Hyphae: Present, distinctly branched, distinctly anastomosed. Hypothecium: White, black, olive, brownish yellow, or brown.

Asci: Tholus thickened, amyloid, with amyloid tube; ocular chamber indistinct; dehiscence bitunicate; exoascus not amyloid, not hemiamyloid or hemiamyloid.

Ascospores: 1–2 to c. 8 per ascus, ellipsoid, oblong-obtuse, oblong, cylindrical, fusiform, filiform, clavate, or curved, 9-55 µm long, 2-10 µm wide, obtuse or aciculate; septa absent or present; transversally septate, 1-14-transversally septate, formed by the proper spore wall; wall thin or thick, distinctly differentiated into primary and secondary wall, not thickened at the septum, not constricted where the septum meets the spore wall or laterally constricted where the septum meets the spore wall, hyaline to grey or middle brown or dark brown, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented or ornamented.

Conidiomata: Absent resp. not observed or present; pycnidial; immersed or sessile, formed all accross the thallus surface.

Conidiogeneous Cells: Apical. Conidia: Globose, bacilliform, or curved; microconidial, not branched; aseptate; cell wall hyaline.

Secondary Metabolites: Not detected or present, of the following substance class(es): orcinol depsides.

(report generated 04.Okt.2007)