Nephroma Ach. (1810)

Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Rambold G. Data set reviewer(s): Scholz P. (02-05-15); revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted or basionymous. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 36. Nephroma. Nephromataceae J.C. David & D. Hawksw. (1991); Peltigerineae; Lecanorales.

Type Information: Type: Nephroma arcticum (L.) Torss.

Taxonomic Literature: Aptroot A., Diederich P., Sérusiaux E. & Sipman H.J.M.,
Biblioth. Lichenol. 64: 1-220 [116] (1997); Clauzade G. & Roux
C., Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest N.S. - Numero Special 7: 1-893 [527-
528] (1985); Galloway D.J., Flora of New Zealand Lichens: i-lxxiii, 1
662 [312-316], Wellington (1985); James P.W. & White F.J.,
Lichenologist 19: 215-268 (1987); Keuck G., Biblioth. Lichenol. 6: 1-
175 (1977); White F.J. & James P.W., Bull. Br. Lichen. Soc. 57: 1-
41 (1985); Wetmore C.M., Michig. State Univ., Biol. Series 1: 371-452
(1960); Wetmore C.M. & Nash T.H. III in: Nash T.H. III et al.
(eds) Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region vol. 1, 296-
298, Tempe (2002); White F.J. in: Purvis O.W. et al. (eds), The
Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Ireland, London (1992).

Biogeography: Checklist records: Austria, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, New Guinea, New Zealand, Sonoran Desert, Sweden and Norway, Thailand, United States and Canada (continental), and Republic of South Africa.

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized; terricolous, bryophytic, lignicolous, or corticolous; substrate non-calciferous.

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont present; cyanobacterial and chlorococcal. Primary photobiont taxonomy: Coccomyxa and Nostoc; Nostocaceae and genus incertae sedis; Nostocales and family of unknown placement (incertae sedis), Cyanobacteria and Trebouxiophyceae, Prokaryota or Eukariota. Secondary photobiont absent or present. Secondary photobiont taxonomy: Nostoc, Nostocaceae, Nostocales, Cyanobacteria, Prokaryota.

Thallus: Foliose, not subdivided parts, lobed. Thallus Outline: Soon disappearing. Upper Surface: Grey, green, brown, olive, or brownish yellow; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate; eciliate; without hairs; not isidate or isidiate; not sorediate or sorediate; not cephalodiate or cephalodiate; not lobulate or lobulate; without granules granules, without thalloconidia thalloconidia. Lower Surface: Attached by holdfasts; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate; not cyphellate; not rhizinate; without thalloconidia thalloconidia; not cavernulate; not tomentose or tomentose.

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, lingulate, forming directly at the thallus margin, not emerging, becoming adnate to soon sessile. Margin: Indistinct to prominent; external filaments absent. Exciple: White or brownish yellow. Periphyses: Absent. Epithecium: Apical cells brown or brownish yellow. Interascal Hyphae: Present, scarcely branched, not or scarcely anastomosed. Hypothecium: White or brownish yellow.

Asci: Tholus thickened, not amyloid; dehiscence lecanoralean.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus, fusiform, 10-27 µm long, 4-10 µm wide, obtuse or aciculate; septa present; transversally septate, 3-transversally septate; wall thin, not thickened at the septum, hyaline or pale brown, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented.

Conidiomata: Absent resp. not observed or present; pycnidial; immersed to adnate or stipitate, formed along the thallus periphery.

Conidiogeneous Cells: Intercalar. Conidia: Bacilliform.

Secondary Metabolites: Not detected or present (also unknown pigments), of the following substance class(es): (tri-)terpenoids, (anthra-)quinones, and dibenzofurans [and usnic acids].

(report generated 04.Okt.2007)