Botanische Staatssammlung München © 1995–2008
Data remain intellectual property of the data set authors.

The description has been generated directly from a database. In cases of errors and insufficiencies consult the corresponding LIAS data entry and revision forms to make the necessary modifications. Changes will appear in the subsequent update of data entry forms and natural language descriptions. [To verify the actual status of the pages, select the reload frame function in the context menu!]
These pages are XHTML compatible designed. May be that problems arise with older web browser versions.

Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Rambold G. Data set reviewer(s): Aptroot A. (95-02-10); revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted or basionymous. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 20 (A. Aptroot 99-09-27). Lithothelium. Synonyms: Plagiocarpa R.C. Harris, Pleurotrema Müll. Arg., Pleurotrematomyces Cif. & Tomas.; Pyrenulaceae Rabenh. (1870); Pyrenulales.

Taxonomic Literature: Aptroot A., Biblioth. Lichenol. 44: 1-178 (1991); Aptroot A. & Mayrhofer H., Mycotaxon 41: 219-222 (1991); Harris R.C., A taxonomic revision of the genus Arthopyrenia A. Massal. s. lat. (Ascomycetes) in North America. - Ph. D. diss., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing (1975); McCarthy P.M., Lichenologist 28: 290-294 (1996); Upreti D.K. & Aptroot A., Lichenologist 28: 89-100 (1996).

Biogeography: Checklist records: Italy, New Zealand, United States and Canada (continental), Guianas, and New Guinea.

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized; corticolous or epiphyllous; substrate non-calciferous or calciferous.

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont present; trentepohlioid. Secondary photobiont absent.

Thallus: Indistinct or crustose, not subdivided parts, rimose. Thallus Outline: Soon disappearing or persistent. Upper Surface: Brown, green, grey, brownish yellow, olive, or white; special structures absent. Lower Surface: Attached by the whole lower surface; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate; not cyphellate; not rhizinate; without thalloconidia thalloconidia; not cavernulate; not tomentose.

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Perithecioid, forming all across the thallus surface, stromatic. Wall: With a carbonized black clypeus around the ostiole, not fused or fused. Margin: External filaments absent. Exciple: Black or brown. Periphyses: Absent. Interascal Hyphae: Present, scarcely branched, not or scarcely anastomosed.

Asci: Tholus thickened, not amyloid; ocular chamber indistinct; dehiscence bitunicate.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus, ellipsoid or fusiform, 13-80 µm long, 3.5-26 µm wide, obtuse or aciculate; septa present; transversally septate or both transversally and longitudinally, 3-7-transversally septate, formed by the endospore wall layer; wall thin, not thickened at the septum, hyaline or dark brown, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented.

Conidiomata: Absent resp. not observed or present; pycnidial; formed all accross the thallus surface.

In case that additional characters and states are required to be included in this data set, consult the LIAS Instructions to Participants and follow the procedures described there.

LIAS Home