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Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Triebel D. Data set reviewer(s): Triebel D. (98-01-01); revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: basionymous or accepted. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 12. Cyphelium. Caliciaceae Chevall. (1826); family of unknown placement (incertae sedis); Lecanorales.

Taxonomic Literature: Clauzade G. & Roux C., Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, N.S. 7: 1-893 [348-349] (1985); Galloway D.J., Flora of New Zealand. Lichens: 1-662 [148-149] (1985); Middelborg J. & Mattsson J., Sommerfeltia 5: 1-70 [53-57] (1987); Poelt J. & Vezda A., Biblioth. Lichenol. 9: 1-258 [87-90] (1977); Purvis O.W. in: Purvis O.W., Coppins B.J., Hawksworth D.L., James P.W. & Moore D.M. (eds), The lichen flora of Great Britain and Ireland: 1-710 [227-229] (1992); Santesson R., The lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Sweden and Norway, Lund: 1-240 [74-75] (1993); Schmidt A., Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 35: 113-119 (1962); Tibell L., Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 65: 138 164 (1971); Tibell L. in: Hertel H. & Oberwinkler F. (eds), Beih. Nova Hedwigia 79: 597-713 (1984); Tibell L., Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 63: 465-485 (1969); Tibell L., Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 74: 55-69 (1980); Tibell L. in: Tibell L. & Hedberg, I. (eds), Symb. Bot. Upsal. 32(1): 291-322 (1997).

Biogeography: Checklist records: Austria, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, New Zealand, Sonoran Desert, Sweden and Norway, and United States and Canada (continental).

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized or lichenicolous; lignicolous or corticolous; substrate non-calciferous.

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont absent or present; chlorococcal. Secondary photobiont absent.

Thallus: Indistinct or crustose, granular, placodioid, rimose, or areolate (primarily areolate). Upper Surface: Brown, green, grey, brownish yellow, olive, or yellow; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate; eciliate; without hairs; not isidate; not sorediate or sorediate; not cephalodiate; not lobulate; without granules granules, without thalloconidia thalloconidia. Lower Surface: Attached by the whole lower surface; special structures absent.

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, orbicular, forming all across the thallus surface, not emerging, becoming adnate to soon sessile. Margin: Indistinct to prominent; external filaments absent. Exciple: Black, brown, or white. Periphyses: Absent. Hymenium: Mazaedioid. Interascal Hyphae: Present, scarcely branched, not or scarcely anastomosed.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus, ellipsoid, broadly ellipsoid, globose, or oblong-obtuse, 9-32 µm long, 5-19 µm wide, obtuse; septa present; transversally septate or both transversally and longitudinally; wall not thickened at the septum, dark brown, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall ornamented.

Secondary Metabolites: Not detected or present, of the following substance class(es): ß-orcinol depsides, ß-orcinol depsidones, pulvinic acid derivatives, and dibenzofurans [and usnic acids].

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