Cetraria Ach. (1803)

Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Rambold G. Data set reviewer(s): Scholz P. (02-05-14); not revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted or basionymous. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 15. Cetraria. Parmeliaceae Zenker (1827); Lecanorineae; Lecanorales.

Type Information: Type: Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach.

Taxonomic Literature: Elix J.A., Bryologist 96: 359-383 (1993); Galloway D.J., Flora of New

Zealand Lichens: i-lxxiii, 1-662 [81-83], Wellington (1985);
Kärnefelt I., Opera Bot. 46: 1-150 (1979); Kärnefeltn I.
in: Nash T.H. III et al. (eds), Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran
Desert Region vol. 1, 128-129, Tempe (2002); Poelt J. & Vezda A.,
Biblioth. Lichenol. 16: 1-390 [126-134] (1981); Purvis O.W. in:
Purvis O.W. et al. (eds), The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and
Ireland, London (1992); Räsänen V., Sarja B 2: 1-512
(1952); Thell A., Mattsson J.-E. & Kärnefelt I., Cryptog.
Bot. 5: 120-127 (1995); Thell A., Randlane T., Kärnefelt I., Gao
X.-Q. & Saag A., in: Daniels F.J.A., Schulz M. & Peine J.
(eds): Flechten Follmann: 353-370, Cologne (1995).

Biogeography: Checklist records: Austria, Bolivia, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, New Zealand, Sonoran Desert, Sweden and Norway, Thailand, United States and Canada (continental), and Republic of South Africa.

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized; terricolous, lignicolous, or rarely corticolous.

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont present; chlorococcal. Primary photobiont taxonomy: Asterochloris (A. Beck 22-05-97); Trebouxiaceae; Trebouxiales, Trebouxiophyceae, Eukariota. Secondary photobiont absent.

Thallus: Fruticose, not subdivided parts. Upper Surface: Brown; special structures present:; pseudocyphellate; ciliate; without hairs; not isidate; not sorediate; not cephalodiate; not lobulate; without granules granules, without thalloconidia thalloconidia. Lower Surface: Attached by holdfasts; special structures absent.

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, orbicular, forming all across the thallus surface or directly at the thallus margin, soon sessile. Margin: Prominent; external filaments absent. Exciple: Grey or white. Periphyses: Absent. Epithecium: Apical cells brown or brownish yellow. Interascal Hyphae: Present, scarcely branched, not or scarcely anastomosed. Hypothecium: White.

Asci: Tholus thickened, amyloid, with non-amyloid wide axial body and divergent amyloid flanks towards apex; dehiscence lecanoralean.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus, broadly ellipsoid, ellipsoid, or ovoid, 5-10 µm long, 2.5-5 µm wide, obtuse; septa absent; wall thin, not thickened at the septum, hyaline, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented.

Conidiomata: Absent resp. not observed or present; pycnidial; sessile or stipitate, formed along the thallus periphery.

Conidia: Fusiform or bifusiform.

Secondary Metabolites: Present, of the following substance class(es): ß-orcinol depsidones or (higher) aliphatic acids.

(report generated 04.Okt.2007)