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Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Rambold G. Data set reviewer(s): Keller C. (98-05-20) and Scholz P. (02-05-14, 06-06-12); revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted or basionymous. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 8. Catapyrenium. Verrucariaceae Zenker (1827); Verrucariales.

Taxonomic Literature: Taxonomic notes: Cells of upper cortex small; asci clavate. Breuss O., Stapfia 23: 1-153 (1990); Breuss O., Linzer Biol. Beitr. 22: 69-80 (1990); Breuss O., Pl. Syst. Evol. 185: 17-33 (1993); Breuss O., Nova Hedwigia 58: 229-237 (1994); Breuss O. in: Daniels F.J.A., Schulz M. & Peine J. (eds): Flechten Follmann: 175-178, Cologne (1995); Breuss O., Crypt. Bot. 5: 177-183 (1995); Breuss O. in: Nash T.H. et al. (eds), Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region vol. 1: 125-128, Tempe (2002); Breuss O. & Etayo J., Plant Syst. Evol. 181: 255-260 (1992); Breuss O. & Fox B.W. in: Purvis O.W. et al. (eds), The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Ireland, London (1992); Breuss O. & Hansen E.S., Plant Syst. Evol. 159: 95-105 (1988); Breuss O. & McCune B., Bryologist 97: 365-370 (1994); Clauzade G. & Roux C., Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest N.S. - Numero Special 7: 1-893 [269-271] (1985); Kondratyuk S.Y.A. & Zelenko S.D., Ukrayins'k. Bot. Zhurn. 59(5): 598-607 (2002).

Biogeography: Checklist records: Austria, Bolivia, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, New Guinea, New Zealand, Sonoran Desert, Sweden and Norway, United States and Canada (continental), and Republic of South Africa.

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized; bryophytic or corticolous; substrate calciferous.

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont present; chlorococcal. Primary photobiont taxonomy: Myrmecia (A. Beck 22-05-97); Trebouxiaceae; Trebouxiales, Trebouxiophyceae, Eukariota. Secondary photobiont absent.

Thallus: Crustose, not subdivided parts, squamulose. Thallus Outline: Soon disappearing or persistent. Upper Surface: Brownish yellow or brown. Lower Surface: Attached by the whole lower surface or attached by holdfasts; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate; not cyphellate; not rhizinate or rhizinate; without thalloconidia thalloconidia; not cavernulate; not tomentose.

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Perithecioid, orbicular, forming all across the thallus surface, not emerging. Wall: Not fused. Margin: Indistinct; external filaments absent. Exciple: White, black, brownish yellow, or brown. Periphyses: Present. Hymenium: Iodine reaction: Lugol’s negative or Lugol’s positive, hemiamyloid. Interascal Hyphae: Absent. Hypothecium: White, black, brownish yellow, or brown.

Asci: Tholus slightly thickened; dehiscence verrucarial; exoascus not amyloid, not hemiamyloid.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus, ellipsoid, ovoid, or clavate, 7-23 µm long, 4-10 µm wide, obtuse; septa absent; wall thin, not thickened at the septum, hyaline, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented.

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