Carbonea (Hertel) Hertel (1983)

Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Rambold G. Data set reviewer(s): Triebel D. (00-03-08); not revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 14. Carbonea. Lecanoraceae Körb. (1855); Lecanorineae; Lecanorales.

Type Information: Type: Carbonea atronivea (Arnold) Hertel.

Taxonomic Literature: Clauzade G. & Roux C., Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, N.S. 7: 1-
893 [268-269] (1985); Galloway D.J. & James P.W. in: Purvis O.W.,
Coppins B.J., Hawksworth D.L., James P.W. & Moore D.M. (eds), The
lichen flora of Great Britain and Ireland: 1-710 [162-163] (1992);
Hafellner J., Linzer Biol. Beitr. 33(1): 507-532 (1999). Hertel H.,
Beih. Nova Hedwigia 24: 1-155 + figs (1967); Knoph J.-G., Mycotaxon
72: 97-100 (1999); Knoph J.-G., Rambold G. & Triebel D.,
Biblioth. Lichenol. (in prep); Rambold G., Biblioth. Lichenol. 34: 1-
346 (1989); Rambold G. & Triebel D., Biblioth. Lichenol. 48: 1-
201 [102-105] (1992).

Biogeography: Checklist records: Austria, Bolivia, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, New Zealand, Sonoran Desert, Sweden and Norway, United States and Canada (continental), and Republic of South Africa.

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized or lichenicolous; corticolous; substrate non-calciferous or calciferous.

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont absent or present; chlorococcal. Secondary photobiont absent.

Thallus: Indistinct or crustose, not subdivided parts, granular, rimose, or areolate (primarily areolate). Thallus Outline: Soon disappearing or persistent. Upper Surface: Grey, brown, white, olive, or brownish yellow; special structures absent. Lower Surface: Attached by the whole lower surface; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate; not cyphellate; not rhizinate; without thalloconidia thalloconidia; not cavernulate; not tomentose.

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, orbicular, forming all across the thallus surface, soon sessile. Margin: Distinct to prominent; external filaments absent. Exciple: Black, grey, green, yellow, brown, white, olive, brownish yellow, or orange. Periphyses: Absent. Epithecium: Apical cells grey, green, brown, olive, brownish yellow, or orange. Interascal Hyphae: Present, scarcely branched to distinctly branched, not or scarcely anastomosed to distinctly anastomosed. Hypothecium: Black, grey, green, yellow, brown, white, olive, brownish yellow, or orange.

Asci: Tholus thickened, amyloid, with non-amyloid wide axial body and divergent amyloid flanks towards apex; dehiscence lecanoralean.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus, ellipsoid or oblong-obtuse, 6-16 µm long, 3-8 µm wide, obtuse; septa absent or present; transversally septate, 1-3-transversally septate; wall thin, not thickened at the septum, hyaline, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented.

Conidiomata: Absent resp. not observed or present; pycnidial; immersed, formed all accross the thallus surface.

Conidiogeneous Cells: Apical. Conidia: Filiform.

Secondary Metabolites: Not detected or present, of the following substance class(es): orcinol depsides, ß-orcinol depsides, ß-orcinol depsidones, (tri-)terpenoids, (anthra-)quinones, and xanthones.

(report generated 04.Okt.2007)