Byssoloma Trevis. (1853)

Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Triebel D. Data set reviewer(s): Scholz P. (07-07-24) and Triebel D. (99-02-12); revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted or basionymous. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 25 (estimation provided by A. Aptroot 99-09-27)-26. Byssoloma. Pilocarpaceae Zahlbr. (1905); Cladoniineae; Lecanorales.

Type Information: Type: Byssoloma leprieurii Trevis.

Taxonomic Literature: Aptroot A. & Sipman H.J.M., Willdenowia 20: 221-256 (1991); Aptroot A., Diederich P., Sérusiaux E. & Sipman H.J.M., Biblioth. Lichenol. 64: 1-220 [37-41] (1997); Ekman S., Opera Bot. 127: 1-148 (1996); Elix J.A., Lumbsch H.T. & Lücking R. in: Farkas E.+., Lücking R. & Wirth V. (eds), Biblioth. Lichenol. 58: 81-96 (1995); Farkas E. & Vezda A.,
Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 28: 321-330 (1993); Galloway D.J., Flora of
New Zealand. Lichens: 1-662 [53] (1985); Kalb K. & Vezda A.,
Nova Hedwigia 51: 435-451 (1990); Kalb K. & Vezda A., Bull. Soc. Linn.
Provençe 45: 235-246 (1994); Kondratyuk, S.Y. in: Wasser, S.P.
(ed.), Botany and mycology for the next millenium. Collection of
scientific articles devoted to the 70th anniversary of Academician
K.M. Sytnik: 309-315 (1996); Kondratyuk S.Y. & Galloway D.J. in:
Knoph J.-G., Schrüfer K. & Sipman H.J.M., Biblioth. Lichenol. 57: 327-345 [341] (1995); Lücking R., Crypt. Mycol. 27: 121-147 [128] (2006); Malcolm W.M. & Vezda A., Mycotaxon 55: 55: 357-362 (1995); Poelt J. & Vezda A., Biblioth. Lichenol. 9: 1-258 [29] (1977); Santesson R., Symb. Bot. Upsal. 12(1): 1-590 [477-494] (1952); Sérusiaux E. in: Purvis O.W., Coppins B.J., Hawksworth D.L., James P.W. & Moore D.M. (eds), The lichen flora of Great Britain and Ireland: 1-
710 [137-138] (1992); Sérusiaux E., Nord. J. Bot. 13: 447-461 (1993);
Sérusiaux E. in: Farkas E.+., Lücking R. & Wirth V. (eds), Biblioth. Lichenol. 58: 411-431 (1995).

Biogeography: Checklist records: Bolivia, Germany, Great Britain, Guianas, Italy, New Guinea, New Zealand, Sweden and Norway, Thailand, United States and Canada (continental), and Republic of South Africa.

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized or lichenicolous; lignicolous, corticolous, or epiphyllous; substrate non-calciferous.

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont present; chlorococcal. Primary photobiont taxonomy: Chlorococcales, Chlorophyceae, Eukariota. Secondary photobiont absent.

Thallus: Indistinct or crustose, not subdivided parts, leprose, granular, rimose, or areolate (primarily areolate). Thallus Outline: Soon disappearing or persistent. Upper Surface: White, grey, green, yellow, brownish yellow, or brown; special structures absent. Lower Surface: Attached by the whole lower surface; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate; not cyphellate; not rhizinate; without thalloconidia thalloconidia; not cavernulate; not tomentose.

Medulla: Iodine reaction in Lugol's solution negative.

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, orbicular, forming all across the thallus surface, soon sessile. Margin: Indistinct to prominent; external filaments absent or present. Exciple: White, red, brownish yellow, brown, or orange. Periphyses: Absent. Epithecium: Apical cells hyaline, green, brownish yellow, or brown. Hymenium: Iodine reaction: Lugol’s negative. Interascal Hyphae: Present, scarcely branched to distinctly branched, not or scarcely anastomosed to distinctly anastomosed. Hypothecium: White, black, red, violet, green, brownish yellow, or brown.

Asci: Tholus thickened, amyloid, with amyloid tube; dehiscence lecanoralean; exoascus euamyloid.

Ascospores: c. 4 to c. 8 per ascus, ellipsoid, ovoid, oblong-obtuse, oblong, cylindrical, or fusiform, 8-30 µm long, 1.5-7 µm wide, obtuse or aciculate; septa present; transversally septate, 1-9-transversally septate, formed by the proper spore wall; wall thin or thick, distinctly differentiated into primary and secondary wall, not thickened at the septum, laterally constricted where the septum meets the spore wall, hyaline, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented.

Conidiomata: Absent resp. not observed or present; pycnidial or campylidial; sessile, formed all accross the thallus surface.

Conidiogeneous Cells: Apical. Conidia: Globose, bacilliform, reniform, or bifusiform.

Secondary Metabolites: Not detected or present, of the following substance class(es): ß-orcinol depsidones and xanthones.

(report generated 04.Okt.2007)