Biatora Fr. (1817)

Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Rambold G. Data set reviewer(s): Printzen C. (95-04-12; 98-05-27); revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted or basionymous. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 20 (estimation provided by A. Aptroot 99-09-27). Biatora. Biatoraceae A. Massal. ex Stiz. (1862); Lecanorineae; Lecanorales.

Type Information: Type: Biatora vernalis (L.) Fries.

Taxonomic Literature: Taxonomic notes: Hymenial gel not amyloid in young apothecia, but looking as amyloid
when asci are abundant. Coppins B.J. in: Purvis O.W. et al. (eds), The Lichen Flora of Great
Britain and Ireland, London (1992); Printzen C., Biblioth. Lichenol.
60: 1-275 (1995); Printzen C., Crypt. Bot. 5: 105-110 (1995);
Printzen C., Holien H. & Etayo J., Lichenologist 30:213-229 (1998).

Biogeography: Checklist records: Austria, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Sweden and Norway, United States and Canada (continental), and Republic of South Africa.

Ecology: Biotroph; lichenized; terricolous, bryophytic, lignicolous, or corticolous.

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont present; chlorococcal. Secondary photobiont absent.

Thallus: Indistinct or crustose, not subdivided parts, granular, rimose, or areolate (primarily areolate). Thallus Outline: Soon disappearing or persistent. Upper Surface: Grey, green, white, olive, or brownish yellow; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate; eciliate; without hairs; not isidate; not sorediate or sorediate; not cephalodiate; not lobulate; without granules granules, without thalloconidia thalloconidia. Lower Surface: Attached by the whole lower surface; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate; not cyphellate; not rhizinate; without thalloconidia thalloconidia; not cavernulate; not tomentose.

Medulla: Iodine reaction in Lugol's solution negative or in Lugol's solution positive; not different with or without KOH pre-treatment (euamyloid).

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, orbicular, forming all across the thallus surface, soon sessile. Margin: Indistinct to distinct; external filaments absent. Exciple: Green, brown, white, olive, or brownish yellow. Periphyses: Absent. Epithecium: Apical cells green, brown, hyaline, olive, or brownish yellow. Hymenium: Iodine reaction: Lugol’s negative or Lugol’s positive, not hemiamyloid or hemiamyloid. Interascal Hyphae: Present, scarcely branched, not or scarcely anastomosed. Hypothecium: Green, brown, white, olive, or brownish yellow.

Asci: Tholus thickened, amyloid, with non-amyloid narrow axial body and amyloid convergent flanks towards apex; ocular chamber indistinct or broad; dehiscence lecanoralean; exoascus euamyloid, hemiamyloid.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus, ellipsoid or oblong, 7.5-26.5 µm long, 2-7.5 µm wide, obtuse; septa absent or present; transversally septate, 1-3-transversally septate, formed by the proper spore wall; wall thin, not thickened at the septum, hyaline, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented.

Conidiomata: Absent resp. not observed or present; pycnidial; immersed, formed all accross the thallus surface.

Conidiogeneous Cells: Apical. Conidia: Bacilliform.

Secondary Metabolites: Not detected or present, of the following substance class(es): orcinol depsides, ß-orcinol depsides, ß-orcinol depsidones, (tri-)terpenoids, xanthones, and dibenzofurans [and usnic acids].

(report generated 04.Okt.2007)