Arthopyrenia A. Massal. (1852)

Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item; reviewer(s): Aptroot A., Kainz C. (01-09-05), Triebel D. (98-01-01;01-08-14; 02-07-05), and Scholz P. (02-05-13); revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted or basionymous. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 50. Arthopyrenia. Synonyms: Naetrocymbe Körb.; Xanthopyreniaceae Zahlbr. (1926); Pyrenulales.

Type Information: Type: Arthopyrenia cerasi (Schrad.) A. Massal.

Taxonomic Literature: Taxonomic notes: Arthopyrenia lomnitzensis Stein should be excluded from this genus,

see Kocourková J., Acta Mus. Nat. Pragae, Ser. B., Hist.
Nat.
55 (3-4): 59-169 [67-68] (2000). A. lomnitzensis is recombined
to Sagediopsis by Orange (2002). Aguirre-Hudson B., Bull. Br. Mus. Hist., Bot. 21: 85-192 (1991);

Aptroot A. in: Nash T.H. III et al. (eds), Lichen Flora of the

Greater Sonoran Desert Region vol. 1: 103-106, Tempe (2002);
Clauzade
G. & Roux C., Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest N.S. -
Numero Special
7: 1-893 [168-171] (1985); Coppins B.J.,
Lichenologist 20: 305-325
(1988); Coppins B.J. in: Purvis O.W. et
al. (eds), The Lichen Flora
of Great Britain and Ireland, London
(1992); Galloway D.J., Flora of
New Zealand Lichens: i lxxiii, 1-
662 [14-17], Wellington (1985);
Grube M. & Hafellner J., Nova
Hedwigia 53: 283-360 [290, 292]
(1990); Harris R.C., A taxonomic
revision of the genus Arthopyrenia
A. Massal. s. lat. (Ascomycetes)
in North America. - Ph. D. diss.,
Michigan State Univ., East
Lansing (1975); Harris R.C.,
More
Florida lichens including the
10c tour of the pyrenolichens: 1-
192
[61-64 - sub Naetrocymbe, 75-
83], Bronx, NY (1995); Molitor F.

& Diederich P., Bull. Soc.
Nat. Luxemb. 98: 69-92 (1997);
Swinscow T.D.V., Lichenologist 3: 55-
64 (1965); Kainz C., Aptroot A.
& Triebel D., Nova Hedwigia 72:
209-215 (2001).

Biogeography: Checklist records: Austria, Germany, Great Britain, Guianas, Italy, New Guinea, New Zealand, Sonoran Desert, Sweden and Norway, Thailand, United States and Canada (continental), and Republic of South Africa.

Ecology: Saprobic or biotroph; lichenized; lignicolous or corticolous; substrate non-calciferous or calciferous.

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont absent or present; trentepohlioid. Primary photobiont taxonomy: Hyella and Trentepohlia (A. Beck 22-05-97); Hydrococcaceae and Trentepohliaceae; Chroococcales and Trentepohliales, Cyanobacteria and Ulvophyceae, Prokaryota or Eukariota. Secondary photobiont absent.

Thallus: Indistinct or crustose, not subdivided parts, filamentose. Upper Surface: Black, brown, white, brownish yellow, or pink (rosé); special structures absent or present: (A. aloes: elongated dark brown hyphae at the margin). Lower Surface: Attached by the whole lower surface; special structures absent.

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Perithecioid, orbicular, forming all across the thallus surface, not emerging, becoming adnate to soon sessile, stromatic. Margin: Distinct; external filaments absent. Exciple: Black, brown, white, or brownish yellow. Periphyses: Present. Hymenium: Oil inspersed, iodine reaction: Lugol’s negative, not hemiamyloid. Interascal Hyphae: Absent or present, scarcely branched to distinctly branched, not or scarcely anastomosed to distinctly anastomosed. Hypothecium: Brown, white, or brownish yellow.

Asci: Tholus thickened, not amyloid; dehiscence bitunicate.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus, ellipsoid, fusiform, oblong-obtuse, ovoid, or clavate, 12-50 µm long, 4-16 µm wide, obtuse or aciculate; septa present; transversally septate, 1-3-transversally septate, formed by the proper spore wall; wall thin or thick (partly with thick gelatinous epispore), distinctly differentiated into primary and secondary wall (partly with thick gelatinous epispore), not thickened at the septum or thickened at the septum, hyaline or pale brown, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented or ornamented.

Conidiomata: Absent resp. not observed or present; pycnidial; sessile, formed all accross the thallus surface.

Conidiogeneous Cells: Apical. Conidia: Globose, ellipsoid, filiform, or bacilliform; microconidial, not branched; aseptate or septate; 0-3-septate; cell wall hyaline.

Secondary Metabolites: Not detected.

(report generated 04.Okt.2007)