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Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Triebel D. Data set reviewer(s): Triebel D. (98-01-01; 00-06-07; 00-7-19); revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted or basionymous. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 75. Anthostomella. Xylariaceae Tul. & C. Tul. (1861); Xylariales.

Taxonomic Literature: Taxonomic notes: Anamorphs: Geniculosporium, Nodulisporium, Virgariella, Zygosporium
(?) ascospores of some species with germ slits ascospores often with
persistent appendices. Francis S.M., Mycol. Pap. 139: 1-97 (1975); Hyde K. D., Nova Hedwigia 62: 273-340 (1996); Hyde K.D., Fröhlich J. & Taylor J.E., Sydowia 50(1): 21-80 [71-78] (1998); Kohlmeyer J., Volkmann-Kohlmeyer B. & Eriksson. O.E., Canad. J. Bot. 76: 467-477 (1998); Lu B.-S.& Hyde K.D., Nova Hedwigia 70: 255-263 (2000); Lu, B.-S., Hyde K.D. & Liew E.C.Y., Mycol. Res. 104: 742-754 (2000); Matzer M. & Hafellner J., Biblioth. Lichenol. 37: 1-138 [111] (1990); Rappaz F., Mycol. Helv. 7: 99-168 (1995); Vouaux L., Bull. Trimestriel Soc. Mycol. France 28: 177-256 [212] (1912).

Biogeography: Checklist records: Australia, Austria, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, New Guinea, and United States and Canada (continental).

Ecology: Saprobic or biotroph; lichenized, lichenicolous, or phytopathogenic; terricolous, lignicolous, corticolous, or epiphyllous; substrate non-calciferous.

Thallus: Indistinct or crustose, not subdivided parts. Upper Surface: Black or brown; special structures absent. Lower Surface: Attached by the whole lower surface; special structures absent.

Medulla: Iodine reaction in Lugol's solution negative; not different with or without KOH pre-treatment (euamyloid).

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Perithecioid, orbicular, forming all across the thallus surface, not emerging, stromatic. Wall: Not carbonized or with a carbonized black clypeus around the ostiole. Margin: External filaments absent. Exciple: Black or brown. Periphyses: Present. Hymenium: Iodine reaction: Lugol’s negative, not hemiamyloid. Interascal Hyphae: Present, scarcely branched, not or scarcely anastomosed. Hypothecium: Black or brown.

Asci: Tholus thickened, not amyloid or amyloid, with amyloid tube; dehiscence unitunicate; exoascus not amyloid or euamyloid, not hemiamyloid.

Ascospores: c. 8 per ascus, globose, ellipsoid, oblong-obtuse, reniform, ovoid, or fusiform, 5-36 µm long, 3-15 µm wide, obtuse or aciculate; septa absent or present; transversally septate, 0-1-transversally septate; wall thin or thick, distinctly differentiated into primary and secondary wall, not thickened at the septum, dark brown, middle brown, hyaline, or pale brown, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented or ornamented.

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