Botanische Staatssammlung München © 1995–2008
Data remain intellectual property of the data set authors.

The description has been generated directly from a database. In cases of errors and insufficiencies consult the corresponding LIAS data entry and revision forms to make the necessary modifications. Changes will appear in the subsequent update of data entry forms and natural language descriptions. [To verify the actual status of the pages, select the reload frame function in the context menu!]
These pages are XHTML compatible designed. May be that problems arise with older web browser versions.

Data Set Maintenance: Data set standard item. Data set author(s): Rambold G. Data set reviewer(s): Schultz M. (00-03-02) and Scholz P. (02-05-13); revised; to be published after submission.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted or basionymous. Taxonomic rank: genus. Number of known taxa within this rank: 10 (estimation provided by A. Aptroot 99-09-27). Anema. Synonyms: Omphalaria A. Massal.; Lichinaceae Nyl. (1854); Lichinales.

Taxonomic Literature: Clauzade G. & Roux C., Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest N.S. - Numero
Special 7: 1-893 [159] (1985); Henssen A., Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges.
92: 483-506 (1980) ['1979']; Henssen A. & Jørgensen P.M.,
Lichenologist 22: 137-147 (1990); Jørgensen P.M. & Santesson R., Taxon 38: 303-304 (1989); Morreno P.P. & Egea J.M., Acta Bot. Barc. 41: 1-66 (1992); Poelt J., Bestimmungsschlüssel Europäischer Flechten: 1-757 [108-109] (1969); Schultz M. in: Nash T.H. III et al. (eds), Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region vol. 1: 97-98, Tempe (2002);.

Biogeography: Checklist records: Austria, Germany, Italy, Sonoran Desert, Sweden and Norway, and United States and Canada (continental).

Lichen Photobionts: Primary photobiont present; cyanobacterial. Primary photobiont taxonomy: Chroococcidiopsis and Gloeocapsa (A. Beck 19-05-97); Microcystaceae and Xenococcaceae; Chroococcales, Cyanobacteria, Prokaryota. Secondary photobiont absent.

Thallus: Crustose or foliose, not subdivided parts, squamulose, subfruticose, or granular, peltate, umbilicate. Thallus Outline: Soon disappearing. Upper Surface: Black or grey; special structures absent or present:; not pseudocyphellate; eciliate; without hairs; not isidate or isidiate; not sorediate; not cephalodiate; not lobulate; without granules or with granules granules, without thalloconidia thalloconidia. Lower Surface: Attached by the whole lower surface (sometimes apparently so) or attached by holdfasts; special structures absent.

Medulla: Iodine reaction in Lugol's solution negative; not different with or without KOH pre-treatment (euamyloid).

Reproduction Strategy: Only known as sterile, asexually reproducing form or with sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Apothecioid, orbicular, forming all across the thallus surface, becoming adnate to soon sessile. Wall: Not carbonized, not fused. Margin: Distinct; external filaments absent. Exciple: White. Periphyses: Absent. Epithecium: Apical cells brownish yellow. Hymenium: Iodine reaction: Lugol’s negative, hemiamyloid. Interascal Hyphae: Present, scarcely branched, not or scarcely anastomosed. Hypothecium: White.

Asci: Tholus not thickened, not amyloid; ocular chamber indistinct; dehiscence prototunicate; exoascus not amyloid, not hemiamyloid.

Ascospores: c. 8 to 12-16 per ascus, globose, broadly ellipsoid, or ellipsoid, 8-14 µm long, 4-11 µm wide, obtuse; septa absent; wall thin, not thickened at the septum, hyaline, in Lugol's Solution negative, wall not ornamented.

Conidiomata: Absent resp. not observed or present; pycnidial; immersed, formed all accross the thallus surface.

Conidiogeneous Cells: Apical. Conidia: Ellipsoid or bacilliform; microconidial, not branched; aseptate; cell wall hyaline.

In case that additional characters and states are required to be included in this data set, consult the LIAS Instructions to Participants and follow the procedures described there.

LIAS Home