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Data Set Maintenance: Data set compiled and standard item. Data set author(s): Kainz C. (00-07-28). Data set reviewer(s): Schubert K. (06-03-02); revised.

Nomenclature: Current taxonomic status: accepted. Taxonomic rank: species. Synonyms: Uncinula necator (Schwein.) Burrill var. necator; Erysiphaceae Tul. & C. Tul.; Erysiphales.

Type Information: Basionym: Erysiphe necator Schwein. Type: Erysiphe necator Schwein.

Taxonomic Literature: Taxonomic notes: +conidiophores foot-cells characteristically twisted, flexuous, length variable, followed by 1-3 shorter cells, sometimes a long and 1-2 short cells;+appressoria lobed;+ascocarp outer wall cells polygonal to rounded, ca. 10-25 µm diam.;. Braun U., Beih. Nova Hedwigia 89: 1-700 [465-467] (1987); Braun U., The powdery mildews (Erysiphales) of Europe. - 1-337. Jena, Stuttgart, New York (1995).

Biogeography: Continent: Africa, Asia-Temperate, Australasia, Europe, Northern America (generally distributed; introduced in all parts of the world where vine is grown), and Southern America. Region(s): Australia and New Zealand. Country or state(s): Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Sweden, Austria, Benelux (Belgium & Luxembourg), former Czechoslovakia (incl. Czech Republic & Slovacia), Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland (incl. Liechtenstein), France (excl. Corsica), Spain (incl. Andorra & Monaco), Bulgaria, Greece, Italy (incl. San Marino & The Vatican City, excl. Sicily, Sardinia), Romania, European Turkey, Former Yugoslavia [incl. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Moldova, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia], Belarus, Baltic States (Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia), and Ukraine; Japan; Hawaii (USA); Ontario (Canada), Idaho (USA), Oregon (USA), Washington (USA), Illinois (USA), Iowa (USA), Minnesota (USA), Missouri (USA), North Dakota (USA), Oklahoma (USA), South Dakota (USA), Wisconsin (USA), Connecticut (USA), Indiana (USA), Maine (USA), Massachusetts (USA), Michigan (USA), New Hampshire (USA), New Jersey (USA), New York (USA), Pennsylvania (USA), West Virginia (USA), California (USA), Texas (USA), Florida (USA), Georgia (USA), Kentucky (USA), Maryland (USA), Mississippi (USA), North Carolina (USA), Virginia (USA), and District of Columbia (USA). Checklist records: United States and Canada (continental).

Ecology: Biotroph; phytopathogenic; growing on leaves or fruits, amphigenous. Host or Phorophyte Taxonomy: Vitis labrusca L.; Vitis, Vitaceae.

Reproduction Strategy: With sexual (and possible asexual) stages. Ascocarps: Cleistothecioid, orbicular, forming independently from the host thallus or mycelium, scattered or in loose groups, .08-.13 mm in diam.. Margin: External filaments present (sometimes forked in the lower half or at the base; width variable, uniform throughout, outline sometimes somewhat irregular, with constrictions, sometimes swellings); uncinate (loosely or closely; apex not enlarged), circinate, or sub-helicoid, (1)-2-5-(6) µm long, 5-12 µm in diameter, hyaline or pigmented (coloured in the lower half, more or less brown, paler or hyaline in the upper part), numerous, 10-30 per mm², growing more or less between the lower and upper hald of the ascocarp, flexuose (and long), smooth or faintly rough, thin or moderatly thick (occasionally), not ramified, septate (mostly about 4-9 septa).

Asci: (2)-4-8-(10) asci per ascocarp, not stipitate or indistinctly stipitate (shortly stalked), 40-70 µm long, 25-45 µm wide; dehiscence unitunicate.

Ascospores: c. 4 or c. 8 per ascus, spores 4-6 per ascus, ellipsoid or ovoid, 15-25 µm long, 9-15 µm wide; septa absent.

Conidiophores: Pseudoidium-type; not branched; basal cells 25-160 µm long, 5-9 µm wide. Conidium Formation: Conidiogenous cells single. Conidia: Ellipsoid, ovoid, or doliiform; macroconidial (size variable, germ tubes short to moderately long, arising from an end of the spore, often flexuous, terminating in a more or less lobed appressorium), not branched, 22.5-48 µm long, 12-22 µm wide; aseptate.

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