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Botanische Staatssammlung München © 1995–2008
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Go to: Data maintenance  –  Nomenclature: Taxonomic Hierarchy  –  Nomenclature: Type Information  –  Nomenclature: Taxonomic Literature  –  Biogeography  –  Ecology  –  Host or Phorophyte Taxonomy  –  Thallus Morphology: General Morphology  –  Thallus Morphology: Thallus Size and Differentiation  –  Thallus Morphology: Outline  –  Thallus Morphology: Upper Thallus Surface  –  Thallus Morphology: Lower Thallus Surface  –  Thallus Anatomy: Upper Cortex  –  Thallus Anatomy: Photobiont Layer  –  Thallus Anatomy: Medulla  –  Thallus Anatomy: Lower Cortex  –  Reproduction  –  Ascocarp Morphology: General Ascocarp Morphology  –  Ascocarp Morphology: Margin  –  Ascocarp Morphology: Disk  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Exciple  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Parathecium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: General Amphithecium Anatomy  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Lower Amphithecium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Amphithecial Cortex  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Episamma  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Epithecium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Hymenium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Interascal Hyphae  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Subhymenium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Hypothecium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Asci  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Ascospores  –  Conidioma Morphology  –  Conidioma Anatomy: Conidiophores  –  Conidioma Anatomy: Conidia  –  Chemistry: Secondary Metabolites  –  Chemistry: Spot Tests  –  Chemistry: UV-Fluorescence  –  (Return to the index of all items of the project)


Taxon name:



Data maintenance   back to top


1. Data set source [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. authentic     2. compiled     3. template     5. standard item
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2. Data set author(s) [mandatory] [mandatory character] () ()


3. Data set reviewer(s)     23. Helms G.     40. Marbach B.     45. Nash T.H.     61. Sheard J.
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5. Data set publication permission [mandatory character]     1. no     2. yes  None selected () ()


6. Data set publication date



Nomenclature: Taxonomic Hierarchy   back to top


7. Current taxonomic status     1. accepted     2. basionymous
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8. Taxonomic rank [mandatory] [mandatory character]     2. species     3. subspecies     4. variety     5. form  None selected () ()


9. Currently accepted name


11. Genus name [mandatory] [mandatory character] () ()


12. Synonyms


13. Family name [mandatory] [mandatory character]     99. Physciaceae Zahlbr. (1898)  None selected () ()


14. Suborder name     5. Lecanorineae  None selected () ()


15. Order name     9. Lecanorales  None selected () ()



Nomenclature: Type Information   back to top


16. Basionym


17. Type


19. Protologue


20. Type specimen label data



Nomenclature: Taxonomic Literature   back to top

21. Taxonomic notes


22. Taxonomic literature



Biogeography   back to top


23. Hemisphere distribution    ()  1. Northern hemispheric ()


24. Floristic province {= zonal distribution} [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. holarctic     2. arctic     3. subarctic     4. boreal     5. Mediterranean     6. subtropical     7. pantropical     8. neotropical     9. palaeotropic     10. subantarctic     11. antarctic     14. cosmopolitan     15. temperate
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25. Altitude [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. coastal     2. colline     3. submontane     4. montane     5. upper montane     6. subalpine     7. alpine
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27. Continent distribution [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. Africa     2. Antarctica     3. Asia-Temperate     4. Australasia     5. Europe     6. Northern America     7. Southern America     8. Pacific     9. Asia-Tropical
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38. Checklist records [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. Australia     2. Austria     7. Germany     10. Great Britain     11. Guianas     13. Italy     15. Mexico     17. New Guinea     18. New Zealand     20. Sonoran Desert     21. Sweden and Norway     22. Thailand     26. United States and Canada (continental)
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Ecology   back to top


43. Life habit    ()  2. biotroph (inhabiting living organisms) ()


44. Lifestyle [mandatory] [mandatory character]     4. lichenized (= parasitic and / or mutual symbiotic with photobionts)     5. lichenicolous (= parasitic on lichens)
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45. Substrate preference [mandatory character]     1. terricolous (on soil)     2. bryophytic (on bryophytes)     3. lignicolous (on wood)     4. corticolous (on bark)    ()  6. saxicolous (on rock)
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46. Thallus-substrate interaction     1. endosubstratic     3. episubstratic
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47. Habitat insolation     1. sun-exposed     2. partially shaded     3. fully shaded
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48. Habitat moisture     1. dry     2. moist     3. wet
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53. Rock substrate mineral content     1. non-calciferous (lacking calcites)     2. calciferous (containing calcites)
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Host or Phorophyte Taxonomy   back to top


72. Host fungus or lichen genus     6. Aspicilia     17. Dimelaena     24. Lecanora     55. Rhizocarpon
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Thallus Morphology: General Morphology   back to top


104. Thallus growth form [mandatory character]     1. indistinct     2. crustose     3. foliose     4. fruticose
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105. Thallus primary subdivision     1. continuous     2. divided
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107. Thallus ramification pattern     1. isotomic-dichotomous     4. subdichotomous     5. irregular
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108. Crustose growth organization     1. leprose     2. granular     3. rimose     5. areolate (primarily areolate)     6. placodioid     7. squamulose     8. subfruticose (minutely fruticose, dactyliform)
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109. Crustose growth structure    ()  2. subsquamulose ()


110. Crustose growth aggregation    ()  2. scattered (dispersed) ()


111. Crustose growth continuity     1. continuous throughout     2. dispersed along the periphery, continuous in the centre     3. dispersed throughout and distinctly seperate
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112. Foliose growth organization    ()  1. lobed ()


113. Foliose lobe widening     1. widening     2. parallel
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114. Foliose lobe outline     1. elongate     2. lunate     3. linear     4. flabellate
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116. Foliose lobe orientation    ()  1. horizontal ()     2. ascending     3. imbricate
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117. Foliose lobe front     1. angular     2. rounded
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118. Foliose lobe curvature     1. concave     2. subconcave     3. plane     4. subconvex     5. convex
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119. Fruticose growth organization     1. erect     4. subpendulous     5. pendulous
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121. Fruticose branch structure     1. terete     2. subterete     3. applanate (moderately flattened)
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122. Fruticose branch flattening     1. bifacial     2. unifacial
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126. Thallus parts imbrication     1. not imbricate     2. imbricate
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129. Thallus parts length [categorical]     1. short     2. long
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131. Thallus parts width [categorical]     1. narrow     2. wide
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132. Thallus parts width [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
mm wide


133. Thallus parts thickness [categorical]     1. thin     2. thick
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134. Thallus parts thickness [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
mm thick



Thallus Morphology: Thallus Size and Differentiation   back to top


151. Overall thallus diameter [categorical]     1. very small     2. small     3. medium-sized     4. large
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152. Overall thallus diameter [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
cm in diameter


156. Thallus apex width [categorical]     1. not distinctly broader than average     2. distinctly broader than average
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158. Thallus apex curvature     1. not curved     3. curved upwards     4. curved downwards
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159. Thallus apex outline     1. rounded     2. truncate
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Thallus Morphology: Outline   back to top


160. Thallus perimeter outline     1. irregular     2. orbicular
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161. Thallus perimeter zonation     1. simple     2. zonate     3. lobed     5. fimbriate
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162. Thallus perimeter delimitation     1. indistinct     2. distinct
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164. Thallus margin structure     3. dentate     4. laciniate     8. phyllidiate     11. lobulate     13. crenate
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165. Thallus margin orientation     1. down-turned     2. levelled     3. up-turned
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166. Thallus margin brightness [categorical]     1. paled     2. concolourous     3. darkened
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167. Primal thallus differentiation     1. peripheral (forming a prothallus)     2. extending (forming a hypothallus)
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168. Primal thallus persistence     1. disappearing     2. persistent
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170. Primal thallus colour     1. black     2. grey     6. brown     8. white
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Thallus Morphology: Upper Thallus Surface   back to top


172. Upper surface colour     2. white     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)    ()  4. grey     6. black     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)     9. grey-red (= greyish red, reddish grey)     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     21. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     24. yellow     26. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)
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175. Upper surface glossiness     1. matt (opaque, dull)     2. glossy (shiny)     3. vitreous
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176. Upper surface roughness     1. smooth     2. rough
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177. Upper surface texture     2. pulverulaceous     3. byssoid
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191. Upper surface maculae: presence     1. absent     2. present
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192. Upper surface maculae: outline     1. punctiform     2. orbicular     3. linear     4. irregular
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196. Upper surface pruina: presence     1. epruinose     2. pruinose
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197. Upper surface pruina: abundance     1. scarce     2. abundant
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198. Upper surface pruina: colour     2. greyish     4. greenish     8. whitish
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199. Upper surface pruina: distribution     1. continuous     2. patchy
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200. Upper surface pruina: location     1. central     3. peripheral
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201. Upper surface pseudocyphellae: presence     1. absent     2. present
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204. Upper surface pseudocyphellae: arrangement     1. isolated     2. reticulate
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208. Upper surface pseudocyphellae: location     1. central     2. laminal     3. peripheral
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210. Upper surface pseudocyphellae: position     1. submarginal     2. marginal
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218. Upper surface cilia: presence     1. eciliate     2. ciliate
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219. Upper surface cilia: kind     1. spinulous     2. slender
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225. Upper surface hairs: presence     1. absent     2. present
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227. Upper surface hairs: location     2. apical     3. laminal     4. interspersed     5. marginal
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228. Upper surface hairs position    ()  1. on thallus lobes or branches ()


230. Upper surface isidia: presence     1. absent     2. present
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231. Upper surface isidia: location    ()  2. laminal ()


232. Upper surface isidia: position {across the surface}     1. marginal     2. submarginal
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234. Upper surface isidia: arrangement     1. isolated     2. clustered
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235. Upper surface isidia: shape     1. globular     3. pustular     5. cylindrical     6. clavate     7. spathulate
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237. Upper surface isidia: ramification     1. not branched     2. branched
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238. Upper surface isidia: ramification pattern     1. sparse     2. coralloid     3. moderate
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240. Upper surface isidiomorphs: presence    ()  2. present ()


252. Upper surface soralia: presence     1. absent     2. present
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255. Upper surface soralia: colour     2. white     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     4. grey     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     14. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     20. pale blue (= whitish blue, bluish white)     24. yellow     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     26. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     30. brown     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)
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256. Upper surface soralia: location     1. central     2. laminal     3. subperipheral     4. peripheral
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257. Upper surface soralia: position     1. apical     2. subapical     3. lateral
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258. Upper surface soralia: origin    ()  3. tubercular (eroding from the tip of tubercles, warts) ()


259. Upper surface soralia: shape     1. semicapitate     2. capitate     3. hooded (helmet-shaped)     4. spathulate     5. labriform     6. maculiform     7. ear-shaped
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260. Upper surface soralia: outline     1. erose (diffuse, unspecific)     2. punctiform     3. irregular ("effigurate")     4. linear
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261. Upper surface soralia: elevation    ()  3. prominent ()


262. Upper surface soralia: excavation     1. slightly excavated     2. fully excavated
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264. Upper surface soralia: differentiation     1. not confluent     2. confluent (but not fusing)     3. fusing
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268. Upper surface soralia: development {from isidia}    ()  2. isidiate ()


269. Upper surface soredia: diameter [categorical]     1. grainy (coarse)     2. farinose (fine)
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276. Upper surface blastidia: presence     1. absent     2. present
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277. Upper surface schizidia: presence     1. absent     2. present
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278. Upper surface lobules: presence     1. absent     2. present
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Thallus Morphology: Lower Thallus Surface   back to top


281. Lower surface presence     1. absent     2. present
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282. Lower surface overall colour     2. white ()     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     4. grey     6. black     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     14. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     21. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     24. yellow     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     26. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)
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283. Lower surface central colour     2. white     4. grey     6. black     30. brown
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284. Lower surface peripheral colour     1. black     2. grey     6. brown     8. white     28. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)
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285. Lower surface attachment extent     2. loosely attached     3. firmly attached
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286. Lower surface attachment kind     1. by the whole lower surface     2. by holdfasts     3. lacking
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296. Lower surface wrinkles: presence     1. absent     2. present
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297. Lower surface wrinkles: location     1. central     2. peripheral
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300. Lower surface rhizines: presence     1. absent     2. present (rhizinate)
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301. Lower surface rhizines: location     1. central     3. peripheral
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302. Lower surface rhizines: abundance     1. sparse     2. moderately abundant     3. abundant
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307. Lower surface rhizines: colour     2. white     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     4. grey     6. black     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)
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309. Lower surface rhizines: projections     1. absent     2. present
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310. Lower surface rhizines: ramification     1. not branched     2. branched
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311. Lower surface rhizines: ramification pattern     1. irregular     2. dichotomous     3. squarrose     4. sparsely furcate
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316. Lower surface soralia: presence     1. absent     2. present
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326. Lower surface tomentum: presence     1. absent     2. present
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Thallus Anatomy: Upper Cortex   back to top


329. Upper cortex: presence     1. absent     2. present
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331. Upper cortex height [percentage]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
% of thallus width

332. Upper cortex height [numerical]
Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm high


349. Upper cortex pigment location     1. in upper layer     2. in lower layer
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367. Upper cortex outer layer: structure     1. prosoplectenchymatous     2. paraplectenchymatous     3. scleroplectenchymatous
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371. Upper cortex inner layer: structure     1. prosoplectenchymatous     2. paraplectenchymatous     3. scleroplectenchymatous
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Thallus Anatomy: Photobiont Layer   back to top


375. Photobiont layer: zonation     1. single-layered     2. multi-layered
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Thallus Anatomy: Medulla   back to top


380. Medulla height [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm thick


383. Medulla colour     2. white     7. red     24. yellow     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)
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384. Medulla density     1. compact     2. dense     3. loose     4. very loose, becoming hollow
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388. Medulla hyphal arrangement     1. forming several bundles     2. forming a compact mass
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Thallus Anatomy: Lower Cortex   back to top


397. Lower cortex presence     1. absent     2. present
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400. Lower cortex height [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm thick


401. Lower cortex plectenchyma structure     1. paraplectenchymatous     2. prosoplectenchymatous
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404. Lower cortex hyphal orientation     1. anticlinal     2. periclinal
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Reproduction   back to top


414. Ascomata presence [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. absent    ()  2. present
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Ascocarp Morphology: General Ascocarp Morphology   back to top


418. Ascocarp structure [mandatory character]    ()  1. apothecioid ()


420. Ascocarp outline     1. orbicular     3. irregular
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421. Ascocarp location {on main thallus}     1. central     2. laminal     3. subperipheral     4. peripheral
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424. Ascocarp position {on primary thallus parts}     5. subterminal     6. terminal
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428. Ascocarp emergence    ()  1. not emerging (immersed, e.g., cryptolecanorine, cryptolecideine, aspicilioid) ()


429. Ascocarp attachment     1. adnate (semi-immersed)     2. sessile     3. substipitate ()
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430. Ascocarp basis     1. not constricted (flat below)     2. slightly constricted (moderately conical at the base)     3. strongly constricted (strongly conical at the base)
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431. Ascocarp abundance [categorical]     1. sparse     2. moderately abundant     3. abundant
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432. Ascocarp abundance [numerical]

Min: Max: Unit:
per thallus


437. Ascocarp size [categorical]     1. small     2. large
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438. {orbicular} ascocarp diameter [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
mm in diam.



Ascocarp Morphology: Margin   back to top


447. Ascocarp margin: type     1. lecideine/biatorine     2. lecanorine (incl. zeorine)
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448. Ascocarp margin: structure     2. lobate     3. lobulate     4. crenulate     5. granulose     6. scabrose     7. verrucose     8. verruculose
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449. Ascocarp margin: roughness    ()  1. smooth ()


451. Ascocarp margin: persistency     1. persistent     2. excluded
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452. Ascocarp margin: development     1. indistinct (thin)     2. distinct (moderately thickened)     3. prominent (thick)
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457. Ascocarp margin: width [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide


460. Ascocarp margin: parathecial crown presence     1. absent     2. present
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461. Ascocarp margin: parathecial crown brightness [categorical]     1. darker than surrounding margin     2. concolourous with surrounding margin     3. brighter than surrounding margin
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463. Ascocarp margin: soredia     1. absent     2. present (sorediate)
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464. Ascocarp margin: isidia     1. absent     2. present (isidiate)
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466. Ascocarp margin: cilia     1. absent     2. present (ciliate)
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467. Ascocarp margin: hairs     1. absent     2. present (hirsute)
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Ascocarp Morphology: Disk   back to top


487. Ascocarp disk: curvature     1. urceolate (strongly concave) ()     2. excavate (concave)     3. plane (expanded)     4. weakly convex
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488. Ascocarp disk: colour     6. black ()     21. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     22. brownish blue (= bluish brown)     30. brown     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)
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491. Ascocarp disk: pruina presence     1. absent     2. present
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492. Ascocarp disk: pruina abundance     1. scarce     2. abundant
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493. Ascocarp disk: pruina colour     1. white     2. yellow greenish     7. pale grey (= whitish grey, greyish white) ()
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Exciple   back to top


504. Ascocarp excipulum: pigment carbonization    ()  2. lecideine (carbonized) ()


505. Ascocarp excipulum: layer pigmentation     2. white     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     4. grey     5. dark gray (= greyish black, blackish grey)     6. black     7. red     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)     9. grey-red (= greyish red, reddish grey)     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     11. bluish red (= reddish blue, incl. violet, purple)     12. dark red (= blackish red, reddish black)     13. green     14. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     17. bluish green (= greenish blue; incl. aeruginose, turquoise)     18. dark green (= blackish green, greenish black)     19. blue     20. pale blue (= whitish blue, bluish white)     21. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     22. brownish blue (= bluish brown)     23. dark blue (= blackish blue, bluish black)     24. yellow     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     26. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     28. greenish yellow (= yellowish green, incl. lime green)     29. dark yellow (= yellowish black, blackish yellow)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)
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506. Ascocarp excipulum: crystal inspersion     1. not inspersed with crystals     2. inspersed with crystals
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Parathecium   back to top


507. Parathecium width [categorical]     1. narrow (indistinct, reduced)     2. broad (distinct)
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508. Parathecium width [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide


509. Parathecium structure     1. paraplectenchymatous     2. prosoplectenchymatous, strongly glutinized
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510. Parathecium pigmentation     2. white     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     4. grey     5. dark gray (= greyish black, blackish grey)     6. black     7. red     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)     9. grey-red (= greyish red, reddish grey)     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     11. bluish red (= reddish blue, incl. violet, purple)     12. dark red (= blackish red, reddish black)     13. green     14. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     17. bluish green (= greenish blue; incl. aeruginose, turquoise)     18. dark green (= blackish green, greenish black)     19. blue     20. pale blue (= whitish blue, bluish white)     21. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     22. brownish blue (= bluish brown)     23. dark blue (= blackish blue, bluish black)     24. yellow     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     26. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     28. greenish yellow (= yellowish green, incl. lime green)     29. dark yellow (= yellowish black, blackish yellow)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)     34. orange (= yellowish red, reddish yellow)
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514. Parathecium glutinization    ()  2. strongly glutinized ()


515. Parathecium crystal inspersion     1. not inspersed with crystals     2. inspersed with crystals
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516. Parathecium crystal solubility     1. dissolving in 10% KOH     2. not dissolving in 10% KOH
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Ascocarp Anatomy: General Amphithecium Anatomy   back to top


530. Amphithecium presence     1. absent     2. present
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538. Amphithecium height [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm high

540. Amphithecium width [numerical]
Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide


541. Amphithecium inspersion: type     1. not inspers     3. inspersed with crystals
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544. Amphithecium inspersion: crystal size    ()  1. small (< 5 µm in diameter) ()


545. Amphithecium inspersion: crystal abundance    ()  2. abundant ()


546. Amphithecium inspersion: crystal solubility     1. not dissolving in 10% KOH     2. dissolving in 10% KOH
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559. Amphithecial photobiont abundance     1. absent     2. sparse (eulecanorine)     3. abundant
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Lower Amphithecium   back to top


563. Lower amphithecium height [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm high


564. Lower amphithecium plectenchyma structure     1. pseudoparenchymatous     2. prosoplectenchymatous
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565. Lower amphithecium prosoplectenchyma hyphal orientation    ()  2. anticlinal ()



Ascocarp Anatomy: Amphithecial Cortex   back to top


566. Amphithecial cortex presence     1. absent     2. present
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572. Amphithecial cortex width [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide

574. Amphithecial cortex basal width [numerical]
Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide at the base


604. Amphithecial cortex: outer layer: pigmentation     2. white     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     4. grey     5. dark gray (= greyish black, blackish grey)     6. black     7. red     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)     9. grey-red (= greyish red, reddish grey)     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     11. bluish red (= reddish blue, incl. violet, purple)     12. dark red (= blackish red, reddish black)     13. green     14. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     17. bluish green (= greenish blue; incl. aeruginose, turquoise)     18. dark green (= blackish green, greenish black)     19. blue     20. pale blue (= whitish blue, bluish white)     21. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     22. brownish blue (= bluish brown)     23. dark blue (= blackish blue, bluish black)     24. yellow     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     26. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     28. greenish yellow (= yellowish green, incl. lime green)     29. dark yellow (= yellowish black, blackish yellow)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)
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608. Amphithecial cortex: inner layer: pigmentation     2. white     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     4. grey     5. dark gray (= greyish black, blackish grey)     6. black     7. red     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)     9. grey-red (= greyish red, reddish grey)     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     11. bluish red (= reddish blue, incl. violet, purple)     12. dark red (= blackish red, reddish black)     13. green     14. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     17. bluish green (= greenish blue; incl. aeruginose, turquoise)     18. dark green (= blackish green, greenish black)     19. blue     20. pale blue (= whitish blue, bluish white)     21. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     22. brownish blue (= bluish brown)     23. dark blue (= blackish blue, bluish black)     24. yellow     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     26. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     28. greenish yellow (= yellowish green, incl. lime green)     29. dark yellow (= yellowish black, blackish yellow)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Episamma   back to top


622. Episamma presence     1. absent     2. present
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Epithecium   back to top


627. Epithecium presence     1. absent     2. present
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629. Epithecium height [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm high


630. Epithecial hyphae apical cell: shape     1. simple     2. spathulate     3. subulate
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639. Epithecial hyphae apical cell pigmentation {in H2O}     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     22. brownish blue (= bluish brown)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)
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641. Epithecial hyphae apical cell: pigment solubility {in 10% KOH}     1. insoluble in 10% KOH     2. soluble in 10% KOH
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642. Epithecial hyphae apical cell: pigment reactivity    ()  2. 10% KOH + ()



Ascocarp Anatomy: Hymenium   back to top


653. Hymenium height [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm high


654. Hymenium pigmentation {in H2O}     2. white     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)
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659. Hymenium gel presence     1. absent     2. present (interascal hyphae gelatinized)
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661. Hymenium inspersion: type     1. not inspers     2. inspersed with oil droplets     3. inspersed with crystals
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667. Hymenium euamyloid reaction     1. Lugol’s negative     2. Lugol’s positive
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Interascal Hyphae   back to top


676. Interascal hyphae ramification     1. scarcely branched     2. distinctly branched
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677. Interascal hyphae anastomoses     1. not or scarcely anastomosed     2. distinctly anastomosed
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Subhymenium   back to top


684. Subhymenium height [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm high


699. Subhymenium pigmentation {in H2O}     2. white     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     4. grey     5. dark gray (= greyish black, blackish grey)     6. black     7. red     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)     9. grey-red (= greyish red, reddish grey)     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     11. bluish red (= reddish blue, incl. violet, purple)     12. dark red (= blackish red, reddish black)     13. green     14. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     17. bluish green (= greenish blue; incl. aeruginose, turquoise)     18. dark green (= blackish green, greenish black)     19. blue     20. pale blue (= whitish blue, bluish white)     21. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     22. brownish blue (= bluish brown)     23. dark blue (= blackish blue, bluish black)     24. yellow     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     26. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     28. greenish yellow (= yellowish green, incl. lime green)     29. dark yellow (= yellowish black, blackish yellow)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Hypothecium   back to top


707. Hypothecium height [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm high


708. Hypothecium pigmentation {in H2O}     2. white     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     5. dark gray (= greyish black, blackish grey)     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)     9. grey-red (= greyish red, reddish grey)     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     14. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     20. pale blue (= whitish blue, bluish white)     21. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     22. brownish blue (= bluish brown)     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     26. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)
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716. Hypothecium prosoplectenchyma type     2. serioplectenchymatous     9. dense textura intricata
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717. Hypothecium hyphal orientation     2. anticlinal     3. irregular
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721. Hypothecium inspersion type     1. not inspers     2. inspersed with oil droplets
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Asci   back to top


751. Ascus shape     4. broadly clavate     5. clavate     6. narrowly clavate     7. obclavate     8. cylindrical
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753. Ascus length [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm long

754. Ascus width [numerical]
Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide


769. Ascus dehiscence type    ()  2. lecanoralean ()



Ascocarp Anatomy: Ascospores   back to top


782. Ascospore type     1. Beltraminia-type     2. Bicincta-type     3. Bischoffii-type     5. Callispora-type     7. Conradii-type     8. Diplotomma-type     9. Dirinaria-type     14. Milvina-type     15. Mischoblastia-type     16. Orcularia-type     17. Pachysporaria-type     19. Physcia-type     20. Physcia-type and Pachysporaria-type     21. Physconia-type     23. Rinodinella-type     27. Tunicata-type
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784. Ascospore number [categorical]     1. 1–2 per ascus     2. c. 4 per ascus     3. c. 8 per ascus     4. 12-16 per ascus     5. 16-32 per ascus     6. more than 32 per ascus
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785. Ascospore number [numerical]

Min: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
per ascus


786. Ascospore shape     3. oval ()     4. ellipsoid     5. broadly ellipsoid     16. fusiform
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787. Ascospore length [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm long

788. Ascospore width [numerical]
Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide


792. Ascospore septum presence     1. absent     2. present
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793. Ascospore septum orientation     1. transversely septate     2. muriform
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795. Ascospore {median} septum number [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
-transversally septate


799. Ascospore septum formation     1. early septum formation (Physciaceae-type A)     2. late septum formation (Physciaceae-type B)
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800. Ascospore cell lumen size [categorical]     1. even (all cells of equal size)     2. constricted in the centre (apically and basally enlarged)     3. tapered (swollen in the centre)
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802. Ascospore wall width [categorical]     1. thin ()     2. thick
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803. Ascospore wall width [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide


804. Ascospore wall differentiation {visible in the light microscope}    ()  2. distinctly differentiated (into primary and secondary wall) ()


805. {apical} ascospore wall thickening     1. absent     2. present
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806. {lateral} ascospore wall thickening     1. absent     2. present
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807. {septal} ascospore wall thickening     1. absent     2. present
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809. Ascospore wall pigment development     1. remaining hyaline     2. becoming pigmented
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810. Ascospore wall pigmentation     2. grey     4. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     5. middle brown     7. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)
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812. Ascospore perispore ornamentation     1. not ornamented (psilate, smooth) ()     2. ornamented
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813. Ascospore perispore surface structure     1. echinate     2. foveate     3. rugulate     4. striate     5. porate
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814. Ascospore mucilaginous sheath width [categorical]     1. indistinctly halonate (mucilaginous sheath absent or thin)     2. distinctly halonate (with a thick mucilaginous sheath)
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Conidioma Morphology   back to top


816. Conidiomata presence [mandatory character]     1. absent     2. present
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818. Conidiomata abundance     1. sparse     2. moderately abundant     3. strongly abundant
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Conidioma Anatomy: Conidiophores   back to top


857. Conidiophore type {sensu Vobis, Braun, etc.}     7. Vobis-type I     8. Vobis-type II     9. Vobis-type III     10. Vobis-type IV     11. Vobis-type V     12. Vobis-type VI     13. Vobis-type VII     14. Vobis-type VIII
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Conidioma Anatomy: Conidia   back to top


873. Conidium shape     1. globose     2. subglobose     3. oval     4. ellipsoid     5. broadly ellipsoid     11. bacilliform     13. cylindrical     16. fusiform
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879. Conidium length [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm long

880. Conidium width [numerical]
Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide



Chemistry: Secondary Metabolites   back to top


913. Known secondary metabolites: presence     1. absent     2. present
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914. Known secondary metabolites: location     2. only in the upper part of the cortex     4. throughout the thallus medulla     11. in soredia (or soralia)
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915. Known secondary metabolites: name     231. atranorin ()     250. chloroatranorin     336. gyrophoric acid     347. hopane-6a,22-diol     390. leucotylin     392. lichexanthone     442. miriquidic acid     470. norstictic acid     486. paludosic acid     491. pannarin     536. salazinic acid     537. scabrosin 4,4'-diacetate     538. scabrosin 4,4'-dibutyrate     539. scabrosin 4-acetate-4'-butyrate     540. scabrosin 4-acetate-4'-hexanoate     543. secalonic acid a     549. skyrin     559. stictic acid     588. variolaric acid
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916. Known secondary metabolites: substance class     2. (higher) aliphatic acids     3. (anthra-)quinones     13. secalonic acids
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917. Unknown secondary metabolites: presence     1. absent     2. present
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919. Unknown secondary metabolites: provisional name    ()  1. 'Heterodermia unknown spathulin' ()


921. Calcium oxalate crystals: presence     1. absent     2. present
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Chemistry: Spot Tests   back to top


926. Spot test reactions     1. absent     2. present
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927. Upper surface K reactivity     1. – (negative)     2. + deep yellow     5. + red
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928. Upper surface C reactivity     1. –     5. + red
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930. Upper surface KC reactivity     1. –     5. + red
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931. Upper surface PD reactivity     1. –     2. + yellow     8. + orange
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932. Cortex K reactivity     1. –     2. + deep yellow     3. + bright yellow (citrine, lemon)
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935. Cortex KC reactivity     1. –     2. + deep yellow     3. + bright yellow (citrine, lemon)
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936. Cortex PD reactivity     1. –     2. + yellow
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937. Medulla K reactivity     1. –     2. + yellow     3. + bright yellow (citrine, lemon)     4. + yellow changing to red     8. + orange
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938. Medulla C reactivity     1. –     5. + red
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940. Medulla KC reactivity     1. –     2. + yellow     3. + bright yellow (citrine, lemon)     5. + red     9. + orange
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941. Medulla PD reactivity     1. –     2. + deep yellow     5. + red
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942. Lower surface K reactivity     1. –     2. + deep yellow     5. + red
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947. Soredia K reactivity     1. –     2. + deep yellow     3. + pink     4. + orange
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949. Soredia KC reactivity     1. –     2. + deep yellow     3. + pink     4. + orange
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Chemistry: UV-Fluorescence   back to top


983. UV-fluorescence: upper surface     1. – (negative)     2. + (positive)
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