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Botanische Staatssammlung München © 1995–2008
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Go to: Data maintenance  –  Nomenclature: Taxonomic Hierarchy  –  Nomenclature: Type Information  –  Nomenclature: Taxonomic Literature  –  Biogeography  –  Ecology  –  Host or Phorophyte Taxonomy  –  Thallus Morphology: General Morphology  –  Thallus Morphology: Thallus Size and Differentiation  –  Thallus Morphology: Outline  –  Thallus Morphology: Upper Thallus Surface  –  Thallus Morphology: Lower Thallus Surface  –  Thallus Anatomy: Upper Cortex  –  Thallus Anatomy: Medulla  –  Reproduction  –  Ascocarp Morphology: General Ascocarp Morphology  –  Ascocarp Morphology: Margin  –  Ascocarp Morphology: Disk  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Exciple  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Parathecium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: General Amphithecium Anatomy  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Amphithecial Cortex  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Episamma  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Epithecium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Hymenium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Interascal Hyphae  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Hypothecium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Hypothecium Extension  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Asci  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Ascospores  –  Conidioma Morphology  –  Conidioma Anatomy: Pycnidia  –  Conidioma Anatomy: Conidiophores  –  Conidioma Anatomy: Conidia  –  Chemistry: Secondary Metabolites  –  Chemistry: Spot Tests  –  Index of all items of the project


Taxon name:



Data maintenance   back to top


1. Data set source [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. authentic     2. compiled     3. template     4. checklist item     5. standard item
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2. Data set author(s) [mandatory] [mandatory character] () ()


3. Data set reviewer(s)     28. Kainz C. ()     34. Knoph J.-G.
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4. Data set revision status [mandatory character]     1. not revised     2. revised  None selected () ()


5. Data set publication permission [mandatory character]     1. no     2. yes  None selected () ()


6. Data set publication date



Nomenclature: Taxonomic Hierarchy   back to top


7. Current taxonomic status     1. accepted     2. basionymous
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8. Taxonomic rank [mandatory] [mandatory character]     2. species     3. subspecies     4. variety     5. form  None selected () ()


11. Genus name [mandatory] [mandatory character] () ()


12. Synonyms


13. Family name [mandatory] [mandatory character]     58. Lecanoraceae Körb. (1855)  None selected () ()


14. Suborder name     5. Lecanorineae  None selected () ()


15. Order name     9. Lecanorales  None selected () ()



Nomenclature: Type Information   back to top


16. Basionym



Nomenclature: Taxonomic Literature   back to top

21. Taxonomic notes


22. Taxonomic literature



Biogeography   back to top


25. Altitude [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. coastal     7. alpine
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27. Continent distribution [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. Africa     2. Antarctica     3. Asia-Temperate     4. Australasia     5. Europe     6. Northern America     7. Southern America     8. Pacific
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38. Checklist records [mandatory] [mandatory character]     26. United States and Canada (continental)
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Ecology   back to top


43. Life habit    ()  2. biotroph (inhabiting living organisms) ()


44. Lifestyle [mandatory] [mandatory character]     4. lichenized (= parasitic and / or mutual symbiotic with photobionts)     5. lichenicolous (= parasitic on lichens)
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45. Substrate preference [mandatory character]     1. terricolous (on soil)     2. bryophytic (on bryophytes)     3. lignicolous (on wood)     4. corticolous (on bark)
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46. Thallus-substrate interaction    ()  3. episubstratic ()


47. Habitat insolation    ()  1. sun-exposed ()


48. Habitat moisture    ()  1. dry ()


50. Substrate     5. bark     6. non-calciferous rock     7. calciferous rock
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53. Rock substrate mineral content     1. non-calciferous (lacking calcites)     2. calciferous (containing calcites)
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Host or Phorophyte Taxonomy   back to top


72. Host fungus or lichen genus     3. Amygdalaria     6. Aspicilia     11. Candelariella     17. Dimelaena     24. Lecanora     25. Lecidea     26. Lecidella     33. Orphniospora     38. Pertusaria     46. Pleopsidium     55. Rhizocarpon     56. Rhizoplaca     57. Rinodina     64. Tephromela
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73. Host fungus or lichen family     1. Acarosporaceae     5. Candelariellaceae     8. Fuscideaceae     12. Hymeneliaceae     14. Lecanoraceae     15. Lecideaceae     24. Physciacaeae     25. Pertusariaceae     26. Porpidiaceae     30. Rhizocarpaceae     32. Schaereriaceae     36. Thelotremataceae
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Thallus Morphology: General Morphology   back to top


104. Thallus growth form [mandatory character]     1. indistinct     2. crustose
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105. Thallus primary subdivision     1. continuous     2. divided
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108. Crustose growth organization     2. granular     3. rimose     5. areolate (primarily areolate)     7. squamulose
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109. Crustose growth structure     1. bullate     2. subsquamulose
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118. Foliose lobe curvature    ()  5. convex ()


132. Thallus parts width [numerical]

Lower range: Upper range: Unit:
mm wide


133. Thallus parts thickness [categorical]     1. thin ()     2. thick
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Thallus Morphology: Thallus Size and Differentiation   back to top


153. Overall thallus length [numerical]

Upper range: Unit:
cm long



Thallus Morphology: Outline   back to top


160. Thallus perimeter outline    ()  1. irregular ()


161. Thallus perimeter zonation     1. simple     2. zonate     3. lobed     4. arachnoid     5. fimbriate
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162. Thallus perimeter delimitation     1. indistinct     2. distinct
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168. Primal thallus persistence     1. disappearing     2. persistent
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170. Primal thallus colour     1. black     2. grey     8. white     9. dark gray (= greyish black, blackish grey)     12. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Thallus Morphology: Upper Thallus Surface   back to top


171. Upper surface aspect     1. verrucose     2. verruculose
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172. Upper surface colour     2. white     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     4. grey     6. black     7. red     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     14. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     21. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     24. yellow     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     26. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     28. greenish yellow (= yellowish green, incl. lime green)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


175. Upper surface glossiness     1. matt (opaque, dull)     2. glossy (shiny)
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176. Upper surface roughness     1. smooth     2. rough
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177. Upper surface texture     2. pulverulaceous     3. byssoid
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178. Upper surface special structures: presence     1. absent     2. present:
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196. Upper surface pruina: presence     1. epruinose     2. pruinose
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197. Upper surface pruina: abundance     1. scarce     2. abundant
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


213. Upper surface wrinkles: presence     1. absent     2. present
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


230. Upper surface isidia: presence    ()  1. absent ()


252. Upper surface soralia: presence     1. absent     2. present
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254. Upper surface soralia: diameter [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
mm in diam.


255. Upper surface soralia: colour     2. white     4. grey     6. black     14. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     21. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     24. yellow     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     28. greenish yellow (= yellowish green, incl. lime green)
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


264. Upper surface soralia: differentiation     1. not confluent     2. confluent (but not fusing)     4. spreading
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269. Upper surface soredia: diameter [categorical]     1. grainy (coarse)     2. farinose (fine)
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


270. Upper surface soredia: diameter [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm in diam.



Thallus Morphology: Lower Thallus Surface   back to top


287. Lower surface special structures: presence     1. absent     2. present:
(Select a character state: to add this modifier: )
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300. Lower surface rhizines: presence     1. absent     2. present (rhizinate)
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Thallus Anatomy: Upper Cortex   back to top


329. Upper cortex: presence    ()  2. present ()


331. Upper cortex height [percentage]

Lower range: Upper range: Unit:
% of thallus width


350. Upper cortex gel presence    ()  2. present ()



Thallus Anatomy: Medulla   back to top


393. Medulla euamyloid reactivity     1. in Lugol's solution negative     2. in Lugol's solution positive
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Reproduction   back to top


414. Ascomata presence [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. absent     2. present
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Ascocarp Morphology: General Ascocarp Morphology   back to top


418. Ascocarp structure [mandatory character]    ()  1. apothecioid ()


420. Ascocarp outline     1. orbicular     3. irregular
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424. Ascocarp position {on primary thallus parts}    ()  4. peripheral ()


426. Ascocarp host dependency    ()  1. host-independent ()


428. Ascocarp emergence    ()  1. not emerging (immersed, e.g., cryptolecanorine, cryptolecideine, aspicilioid) ()


429. Ascocarp attachment     1. adnate (semi-immersed)     2. sessile
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430. Ascocarp basis     1. not constricted (flat below)     2. slightly constricted (moderately conical at the base)     3. strongly constricted (strongly conical at the base)
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431. Ascocarp abundance [categorical]     1. sparse     2. moderately abundant     3. abundant
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


438. {orbicular} ascocarp diameter [numerical]

Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Unit:
mm in diam.



Ascocarp Morphology: Margin   back to top


447. Ascocarp margin: type     1. lecideine/biatorine     2. lecanorine (incl. zeorine)
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448. Ascocarp margin: structure     4. crenulate     5. granulose     7. verrucose     8. verruculose
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


449. Ascocarp margin: roughness     1. smooth     5. rough
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


450. Ascocarp margin: outline     1. not flexuose     2. slightly flexuose     3. strongly flexuose
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451. Ascocarp margin: persistency     1. persistent     2. excluded
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452. Ascocarp margin: development     1. indistinct (thin)     2. distinct (moderately thickened)     3. prominent (thick)
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454. Ascocarp margin: pigment distribution     1. brighter than thallus     2. concolourous with thallus     3. darker than thallus
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457. Ascocarp margin: width [numerical]

Lower range: Upper range: Unit:
µm wide


460. Ascocarp margin: parathecial crown presence     1. absent     2. present
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463. Ascocarp margin: soredia    ()  2. present (sorediate) ()



Ascocarp Morphology: Disk   back to top


487. Ascocarp disk: curvature     2. excavate (concave)     3. plane (expanded)     4. weakly convex     5. strongly convex
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488. Ascocarp disk: colour     6. black     7. red     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     30. brown     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


491. Ascocarp disk: pruina presence     1. absent     2. present
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492. Ascocarp disk: pruina abundance     1. scarce     2. abundant
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494. Ascocarp umbo presence    ()  1. absent ()


495. Ascocarp umbo abundance    ()  1. occasional ()



Ascocarp Anatomy: Exciple   back to top


504. Ascocarp excipulum: pigment carbonization     1. biatorine (not carbonized)     2. lecideine (carbonized)
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505. Ascocarp excipulum: layer pigmentation     2. white     4. grey     5. dark gray (= greyish black, blackish grey)     6. black     11. bluish red (= reddish blue, incl. violet, purple)     13. green     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     17. bluish green (= greenish blue; incl. aeruginose, turquoise)     18. dark green (= blackish green, greenish black)     23. dark blue (= blackish blue, bluish black)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     30. brown     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Parathecium   back to top


508. Parathecium width [numerical]

Lower range: Upper range: Unit:
µm wide


510. Parathecium pigmentation     2. white     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     13. green     18. dark green (= blackish green, greenish black)     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     30. brown     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


515. Parathecium crystal inspersion     1. not inspersed with crystals     2. inspersed with crystals
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


516. Parathecium crystal solubility     1. dissolving in 10% KOH     2. not dissolving in 10% KOH
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Ascocarp Anatomy: General Amphithecium Anatomy   back to top


530. Amphithecium presence     1. absent     2. present
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540. Amphithecium width [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide


544. Amphithecium inspersion: crystal size    ()  1. small (< 5 µm in diameter) ()


545. Amphithecium inspersion: crystal abundance    ()  2. abundant ()


546. Amphithecium inspersion: crystal solubility     1. not dissolving in 10% KOH     2. dissolving in 10% KOH
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559. Amphithecial photobiont abundance     1. absent     2. sparse (eulecanorine)     3. abundant
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Ascocarp Anatomy: Amphithecial Cortex   back to top


566. Amphithecial cortex presence     1. absent     2. present
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567. Amphithecial cortex development     1. indistinct     2. distinct
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568. Amphithecial cortex type     1. pseudocortical     3. eucortical
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572. Amphithecial cortex width [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide


573. Amphithecial cortex basal width [categorical]     1. not widened {at the base}     2. widened {at the base}
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574. Amphithecial cortex basal width [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide at the base


584. Amphithecial cortex inspersion type    ()  2. inspersed with oil droplets ()



Ascocarp Anatomy: Episamma   back to top


622. Episamma presence     1. absent     2. present
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626. Episamma solubility     1. dissolving in 10% KOH     2. not dissolving in 10% KOH
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Epithecium   back to top


633. Epithecial hyphae apical cell: width [categorical]     1. not swollen     2. slightly swollen     3. distinctly swollen
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639. Epithecial hyphae apical cell pigmentation {in H2O}     1. hyaline (translucent)     4. grey     6. black     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     13. green     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     17. bluish green (= greenish blue; incl. aeruginose, turquoise)     18. dark green (= blackish green, greenish black)     19. blue     23. dark blue (= blackish blue, bluish black)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     30. brown     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


641. Epithecial hyphae apical cell: pigment solubility {in 10% KOH}     1. insoluble in 10% KOH     2. soluble in 10% KOH
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642. Epithecial hyphae apical cell: pigment reactivity    ()  2. 10% KOH + ()



Ascocarp Anatomy: Hymenium   back to top


653. Hymenium height [numerical]

Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Unit:
µm high


654. Hymenium pigmentation {in H2O}     2. white ()     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)     13. green     14. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     17. bluish green (= greenish blue; incl. aeruginose, turquoise)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)
(Select a character state: to add this modifier: )
(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


661. Hymenium inspersion: type     1. not inspers     2. inspersed with oil droplets     3. inspersed with crystals
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Interascal Hyphae   back to top


676. Interascal hyphae ramification     1. scarcely branched     2. distinctly branched
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677. Interascal hyphae anastomoses    ()  1. not or scarcely anastomosed ()



Ascocarp Anatomy: Hypothecium   back to top


707. Hypothecium height [numerical]

Lower range: Upper range: Unit:
µm high


708. Hypothecium pigmentation {in H2O}     2. white     6. black     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     11. bluish red (= reddish blue, incl. violet, purple)     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     17. bluish green (= greenish blue; incl. aeruginose, turquoise)     24. yellow     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     30. brown     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)
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721. Hypothecium inspersion type     1. not inspers     2. inspersed with oil droplets
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Hypothecium Extension   back to top


727. Hypothecial extension presence     1. absent     2. present (differentiated as a separate structure, either as a stalk or stipe)
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Asci   back to top


753. Ascus length [numerical]

Lower range: Upper range: Unit:
µm long

754. Ascus width [numerical]
Lower range: Upper range: Unit:
µm wide


769. Ascus dehiscence type    ()  2. lecanoralean ()



Ascocarp Anatomy: Ascospores   back to top


784. Ascospore number [categorical]     3. c. 8 per ascus     4. 12-16 per ascus
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785. Ascospore number [numerical]

Mean: Unit:
per ascus


786. Ascospore shape     3. oval     4. ellipsoid     5. broadly ellipsoid     6. ovoid     7. obovoid     10. oblong-obtuse     11. oblong     35. allantoid
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787. Ascospore length [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm long

788. Ascospore width [numerical]
Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide


790. Ascospore attenuation    ()  1. obtuse ()


792. Ascospore septum presence     1. absent     2. present ()
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802. Ascospore wall width [categorical]     1. thin     2. thick
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804. Ascospore wall differentiation {visible in the light microscope}    ()  2. distinctly differentiated (into primary and secondary wall) ()


812. Ascospore perispore ornamentation    ()  1. not ornamented (psilate, smooth) ()



Conidioma Morphology   back to top


816. Conidiomata presence [mandatory character]     1. absent     2. present
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819. Conidiomata exposure     1. immersed     2. adnate (semi-immersed)
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Conidioma Anatomy: Pycnidia   back to top


833. Pycnidium shape     1. globular     4. ovoid     15. cerebriform
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838. Pycnidium wall pigmentation    ()  6. black ()



Conidioma Anatomy: Conidiophores   back to top


857. Conidiophore type {sensu Vobis, Braun, etc.}     8. Vobis-type II     9. Vobis-type III     11. Vobis-type V
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Conidioma Anatomy: Conidia   back to top


873. Conidium shape     11. bacilliform     13. cylindrical     17. filiform     33. curved
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879. Conidium length [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm long

880. Conidium width [numerical]
Mean: Unit:
µm wide



Chemistry: Secondary Metabolites   back to top


913. Known secondary metabolites: presence     1. absent     2. present
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914. Known secondary metabolites: location    ()  2. only in the upper part of the cortex ()


915. Known secondary metabolites: name     16. 2,4-dichloronorlichexanthone     21. 2,5,7-trichloro-3-O-methylnorlichexanthone     23. 2,5-dichloro-6-O-methylnorlichexanthone     25. 2,5-dichloronorlichexanthone     27. 2,7-dichloro-6-O-methylnorlichexanthone     29. 2,7-dichloronorlichexanthone     48. 2-chloronorlichexanthone     71. 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid     80. 2-O-methylsulphurellin     102. 3-O-methylasemone (= 4,5,7-trichloro-3-O-methylnorlichexanthone)     105. 3-O-methylthiophanic acid (= 2,4,5,7-Tetrachloro-3-O-methylnorlichexanthone)     121. 4,5-dichloro-3-O-methylnorlichexanthone     122. 4,5-dichloro-6-O-methylnorlichexanthone     124. 4,5-dichloronorlichexanthone     126. 4,7-dichloronorlichexanthone     130. 4-chloronorlichexanthone     165. 5,7-dichloro-3-O-methylnorlichexanthone     169. 5,7-dichloronorlichexanthone     174. 5-chloronorlichexanthone     189. 6-O-methylarthothelin (= 2,4,5-Trichloro-6-O-methylnorlichexanthone)     197. 7-chloroemodin     199. 7-chloronorlichexanthone     210. a-collatolic acid     211. alectorialic acid     213. alectoronic acid     218. anziaic acid     223. argopsin     226. arthothelin (2,4,5-trichloronorlichexanthone)     229. asemone (= 4,5,7-trichloronorlichexanthone)     231. atranorin     239. boryquinone     240. bourgeanic acid     243. caloploicin     244. calycin     248. caperatic acid     250. chloroatranorin     253. chodatin     255. colensoic acid     258. confluentic acid     280. demethylchodatin     287. diploicin     293. emodin     295. epanorin     322. fumarprotocetraric acid     326. gangaleoidin     329. glomelliferic acid     333. granulosin (= 2,4,5-trichloro-6-O-methylnorlichexanthone)     347. hopane-6a,22-diol     356. hypoprotocetraric acid     364. isoarthothelin (= 2,5,7-trichloronorlichexanthone)     372. isonotatic acid     380. isousnic acid     391. lichesterinic acid     392. lichexanthone     394. lobaric acid     442. miriquidic acid     451. nephrosteranic acid     461. norlichexanthone     470. norstictic acid     491. pannarin     496. perlatolic acid     507. placodiolic acid     508. planaic acid     512. protocetraric acid     513. protoconstipatic acid     521. psoromic acid     526. rangiformic acid     533. roccellic acid     536. salazinic acid     549. skyrin     552. sordidone     555. stenosporic acid     559. stictic acid     581. thiophanic acid (= 2,4,5,7-tetrachloronorlichexanthone)     582. thiophaninic acid (= 2,4-Dichloro-6-O-methylnorlichexanthone)     583. thuringione (= 2,4,5-trichloro-3-O-methylnorlichexanthone)     586. usnic acid     590. vicanicin     591. vinetorin (= 5-Chloro-3-O-methylnorlichexanthone)     592. virensic acid
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916. Known secondary metabolites: substance class     2. (higher) aliphatic acids     3. (anthra-)quinones     5. chromones     6. dibenzofurans [and usnic acids]     8. orcinol depsides     9. orcinol depsidones     12. pulvinic acid derivatives     14. (tri-)terpenoids     15. xanthones
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Chemistry: Spot Tests   back to top


927. Upper surface K reactivity     1. – (negative)     2. + deep yellow
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928. Upper surface C reactivity     1. –     8. + orange
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930. Upper surface KC reactivity     1. –     8. + orange
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931. Upper surface PD reactivity     1. –     2. + yellow     8. + orange
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932. Cortex K reactivity     1. –     2. + deep yellow
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936. Cortex PD reactivity     1. –     2. + yellow
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937. Medulla K reactivity    ()  1. – ()


938. Medulla C reactivity    ()  1. – ()


940. Medulla KC reactivity    ()  1. – ()


941. Medulla PD reactivity    ()  1. – ()


 

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