Botanische Staatssammlung München © 1995–2008
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Taxon name:

Data maintenance

1. Data set source [mandatory] [mandatory character] 1. authentic 2. compiled 3. template 4. checklist item 5. standard item
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2. Data set author(s) [mandatory] [mandatory character] 18. Egea J. M. & Torrente P. 60. Triebel D. None selected () ()

3. Data set reviewer(s) 13. Egea J.M. & Torrente P. 58. Scholz P. () 69. Triebel D. ()
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4. Data set revision status [mandatory character] 2. revised None selected () ()

5. Data set publication permission [mandatory character] 1. no 2. yes None selected () ()

6. Data set publication date

Nomenclature: Taxonomic Hierarchy

7. Current taxonomic status 1. accepted 2. basionymous
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8. Taxonomic rank [mandatory] [mandatory character] 1. genus 2. species None selected () ()

10. Taxon number

Mean:	Upper range:

()	()

11. Genus name [mandatory] [mandatory character] () ()

12. Synonyms

13. Family name [mandatory] [mandatory character] () ()

14. Suborder name () ()

15. Order name () ()

Nomenclature: Type Information

16. Basionym

17. Type

19. Protologue

20. Type specimen label data

Nomenclature: Taxonomic Literature

21. Taxonomic notes

22. Taxonomic literature
Aptroot A., Diederich P., Sérusiaux E. & Sipman H.J.M. in: Knoph J.-G., Schrüfer K. & Sipman H.J.M (eds), Biblioth. Lichenol. 57: 19-48 [32-34] (1995); Egea M., Torrente P., Manrique E., Pl. Syst. Evol. 187: 103-114 (1993); Egea M. & Torrente P., Biblioth. Lichenol. 54: 1-205 [51, 52-55, 116-164] (1994); Egea J.M., Sérusiaux E. & Torrente P., Mycotaxon 59: 47-59 (1996); Feige G.B., Lumbsch H.T. & Mies B., Cryptog. Bot. 3: 101-107 (1993); Follmann G. & Werner B.C., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 94: 261- 292 (2003)

Biogeography

27. Continent distribution [mandatory] [mandatory character] 1. Africa 2. Antarctica 3. Asia-Temperate 4. Australasia 5. Europe 6. Northern America 7. Southern America 8. Pacific 9. Asia-Tropical
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38. Checklist records [mandatory] [mandatory character] 2. Austria 10. Great Britain 12. Iberic Peninsula 13. Italy 17. New Guinea 20. Sonoran Desert 26. United States and Canada (continental)
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Ecology

43. Life habit () 2. biotroph (inhabiting living organisms) ()

44. Lifestyle [mandatory] [mandatory character] 4. lichenized (= parasitic and / or mutual symbiotic with photobionts) 5. lichenicolous (= parasitic on lichens)
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45. Substrate preference [mandatory character] 1. terricolous (on soil) 2. bryophytic (on bryophytes) 3. lignicolous (on wood) 4. corticolous (on bark)
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46. Thallus-substrate interaction 1. endosubstratic 3. episubstratic
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47. Habitat insolation 1. sun-exposed 2. partially shaded 3. fully shaded
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48. Habitat moisture 1. dry 2. moist 3. wet
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53. Rock substrate mineral content 1. non-calciferous (lacking calcites) 2. calciferous (containing calcites)
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Host or Phorophyte Taxonomy

71. Host fungus or lichen species

Lichen Photobionts

79. Primary photobiont presence 1. absent 2. present
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80. Primary photobiont kind 1. cyanobacterial 2. chlorococcal 3. trentepohlioid
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86. Primary photobiont genus () 47. Trentepohlia ()

87. Primary photobiont family () 28. Trentepohliaceae ()

88. Primary photobiont order () 16. Trentepohliales ()

91. Secondary photobiont presence () 1. absent ()

Thallus Morphology: General Morphology

104. Thallus growth form [mandatory character] 1. indistinct 2. crustose
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105. Thallus primary subdivision () 1. continuous ()

108. Crustose growth organization 1. leprose 2. granular 3. rimose 5. areolate (primarily areolate)
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133. Thallus parts thickness [categorical] 1. thin 2. thick
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134. Thallus parts thickness [numerical]

Min:	Lower range:	Mean:	Upper range:	Max:	Unit:
					mm thick

Thallus Morphology: Outline

168. Primal thallus persistence 1. disappearing 2. persistent
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169. Primal thallus development 1. vestigial 2. pronounced
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Thallus Morphology: Upper Thallus Surface

172. Upper surface colour 2. white 3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey) 4. grey 9. grey-red (= greyish red, reddish grey) 10. brownish red (= reddish brown) 13. green 15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray) 16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous) 24. yellow 26. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey) 27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown) 32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)
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176. Upper surface roughness 1. smooth 2. rough
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177. Upper surface texture () 2. pulverulaceous ()

178. Upper surface special structures: presence 1. absent 2. present:
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196. Upper surface pruina: presence 1. epruinose 2. pruinose
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198. Upper surface pruina: colour 4. greenish 5. yellowish 7. reddish 8. whitish
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201. Upper surface pseudocyphellae: presence () 1. absent ()

218. Upper surface cilia: presence () 1. eciliate ()

225. Upper surface hairs: presence 1. absent 2. present
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230. Upper surface isidia: presence () 1. absent ()

252. Upper surface soralia: presence 1. absent 2. present
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264. Upper surface soralia: differentiation 1. not confluent 2. confluent (but not fusing)
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275. Upper surface cephalodia: presence () 1. absent ()

278. Upper surface lobules: presence () 1. absent ()

279. Upper surface granules: presence () 1. absent ()

280. Upper surface thalloconidia: presence () 1. absent ()

Thallus Morphology: Lower Thallus Surface

286. Lower surface attachment kind () 1. by the whole lower surface ()

287. Lower surface special structures: presence 1. absent 2. present:
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288. Lower surface pseudocyphellae: presence () 1. absent ()

295. Lower surface cyphellae: presence () 1. absent ()

300. Lower surface rhizines: presence () 1. absent ()

319. Lower surface thalloconidia: presence () 1. absent ()

325. Lower surface cavernae: presence () 1. absent ()

326. Lower surface tomentum: presence () 1. absent ()

Thallus Anatomy: Upper Cortex

329. Upper cortex: presence 1. absent 2. present
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331. Upper cortex height [percentage]

Mean:	Unit:
	% of thallus width

332. Upper cortex height [numerical]

Min:	Lower range:	Mean:	Upper range:	Max:	Unit:
					µm high

Thallus Anatomy: Medulla

393. Medulla euamyloid reactivity 1. in Lugol's solution negative 2. in Lugol's solution positive
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394. Medulla hemiamyloid reactivity 1. not hemiamyloid 2. hemiamyloid
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395. Medulla iodine reaction intensity 1. weakly euamyloid 2. strongly euamyloid
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396. Medulla iodine reaction colour 1. I + blue 2. I + violet 3. I + red 4. I + reddish yellow
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Reproduction

414. Ascomata presence [mandatory] [mandatory character] 1. absent 2. present
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Ascocarp Morphology: General Ascocarp Morphology

418. Ascocarp structure [mandatory character] 1. apothecioid 2. perithecioid 3. cleistothecioid
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420. Ascocarp outline 1. orbicular 3. irregular 4. linear 5. stellate
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421. Ascocarp location {on main thallus} () 2. laminal ()

426. Ascocarp host dependency 1. host-independent 2. host-dependent
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427. Ascocarp location {on host} 5. within the ascocarp margin of the host 6. within the ascocarp disks of the host
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428. Ascocarp emergence () 1. not emerging (immersed, e.g., cryptolecanorine, cryptolecideine, aspicilioid) ()

429. Ascocarp attachment 1. adnate (semi-immersed) 2. sessile
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430. Ascocarp basis 1. not constricted (flat below) 2. slightly constricted (moderately conical at the base) 3. strongly constricted (strongly conical at the base)
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431. Ascocarp abundance [categorical] 1. sparse 2. moderately abundant 3. abundant
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436. Ascocarp ascostroma formation 2. pseudostromatic 3. stromatic
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438. {orbicular} ascocarp diameter [numerical]

Min:	Lower range:	Mean:	Upper range:	Max:	Unit:
					mm in diam.

Ascocarp Morphology: Wall

443. Ascocarp wall: carbonization 1. not carbonized 2. carbonized only in parts 3. carbonized around the ostiole, lacking a clypeus 4. with a carbonized black clypeus around the ostiole
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444. Ascocarp wall: fusion {of neighboured perithecia} 1. absent 2. present
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Ascocarp Morphology: Margin

448. Ascocarp margin: structure 4. crenulate 5. granulose
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449. Ascocarp margin: roughness () 1. smooth ()

451. Ascocarp margin: persistency 1. persistent 2. excluded
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452. Ascocarp margin: development 1. indistinct (thin) 2. distinct (moderately thickened) 3. prominent (thick)
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453. Ascocarp margin: colour 3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey) 6. black 7. red 10. brownish red (= reddish brown) 13. green 24. yellow 27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown) 30. brown 31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)
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457. Ascocarp margin: width [numerical]

Min:	Lower range:	Mean:	Upper range:	Max:	Unit:
					µm wide

458. Ascocarp margin: pruina abundance 1. epruinose 2. slightly pruinose 3. distinctly pruinose
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462. Ascocarp margin: surface structures presence 1. absent 2. present
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468. Ascocarp margin: external filaments presence 1. absent 2. present
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Ascocarp Morphology: Disk

487. Ascocarp disk: curvature 1. urceolate (strongly concave) 2. excavate (concave) 3. plane (expanded) 4. weakly convex 5. strongly convex
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488. Ascocarp disk: colour 6. black 8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé) 30. brown 31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)
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489. Ascocarp disk: exposure 1. not exposed 3. fully exposed
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491. Ascocarp disk: pruina presence 1. absent 2. present
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492. Ascocarp disk: pruina abundance 1. scarce 2. abundant
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493. Ascocarp disk: pruina colour 1. white 2. yellow greenish 3. green 4. yellow 5. red 6. brownish red (= reddish brown) 7. pale grey (= whitish grey, greyish white)
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Exciple

497. Ascocarp excipulum: plectenchyma structure () 2. paraplectenchymatous ()

498. Ascocarp excipulum: hyphal orientation 1. parallel (radiating outwards) 2. net-like (intricately interwoven, with no predominant orientation) 3. not easily discerned (strongly gelatinized or carbonized)
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504. Ascocarp excipulum: pigment carbonization 1. biatorine (not carbonized) 2. lecideine (carbonized)
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505. Ascocarp excipulum: layer pigmentation 2. white 4. grey 6. black 10. brownish red (= reddish brown) 13. green 16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous) 27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown) () 30. brown 31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)
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506. Ascocarp excipulum: crystal inspersion 1. not inspersed with crystals 2. inspersed with crystals
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Ascocarp Anatomy: General Amphithecium Anatomy

559. Amphithecial photobiont abundance 1. absent 2. sparse (eulecanorine) 3. abundant
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Amphithecial Cortex

566. Amphithecial cortex presence 1. absent 2. present
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567. Amphithecial cortex development 1. indistinct 2. distinct
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Periphyses

613. Periphyses presence 1. absent 2. present
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Episamma

622. Episamma presence 1. absent 2. present
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626. Episamma solubility 1. dissolving in 10% KOH 2. not dissolving in 10% KOH
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Epithecium

627. Epithecium presence 1. absent 2. present
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629. Epithecium height [numerical]

Min:	Lower range:	Mean:	Upper range:	Max:	Unit:
					µm high

633. Epithecial hyphae apical cell: width [categorical] 1. not swollen 2. slightly swollen 3. distinctly swollen
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634. Epithecial hyphae apical cell: width [numerical]

Min:	Lower range:	Mean:	Upper range:	Max:	Unit:
					µm wide

638. Epithecial hyphae apical cell: pigment location 1. pigment cap (within the cell wall) 3. diffuse (outside the cell wall)
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639. Epithecial hyphae apical cell pigmentation {in H2O} 1. hyaline (translucent) 10. brownish red (= reddish brown) 13. green 16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous) 24. yellow 30. brown 31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown) 33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Hymenium

650. Hymenium persistence () 2. mazaedioid (asci soon disintregating) ()

653. Hymenium height [numerical]

Min:	Lower range:	Mean:	Upper range:	Max:	Unit:
					µm high

654. Hymenium pigmentation {in H2O} 2. white 25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine) 31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)
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667. Hymenium euamyloid reaction 1. Lugol’s negative 2. Lugol’s positive
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668. Hymenium hemiamyloid reaction 1. not hemiamyloid 2. hemiamyloid
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Interascal Hyphae

673. Interascal hyphae presence 1. absent 2. present
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676. Interascal hyphae ramification 1. scarcely branched 2. distinctly branched
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677. Interascal hyphae anastomoses 1. not or scarcely anastomosed 2. distinctly anastomosed
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681. Interascal hyphae cell width [numerical]

Min:	Lower range:	Mean:	Upper range:	Max:	Unit:
					µm wide

Ascocarp Anatomy: Subhymenium

684. Subhymenium height [numerical]

Min:	Lower range:	Mean:	Upper range:	Max:	Unit:
					µm high

699. Subhymenium pigmentation {in H2O} 2. white 3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey) 10. brownish red (= reddish brown) 30. brown 31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Hypothecium

707. Hypothecium height [numerical]

Min:	Lower range:	Mean:	Upper range:	Max:	Unit:
					µm high

708. Hypothecium pigmentation {in H2O} 2. white 4. grey 6. black 10. brownish red (= reddish brown) 13. green 16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous) 27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown) 30. brown 31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)
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711. Hypothecium pigment pattern 1. homogenous 2. inhomogenous
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Asci

751. Ascus shape 1. globose 4. broadly clavate 5. clavate 6. narrowly clavate 8. cylindrical
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752. Ascus stipitation 1. absent 2. indistinct 3. distinct
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753. Ascus length [numerical]

Min:	Lower range:	Mean:	Upper range:	Max:	Unit:
					µm long

754. Ascus width [numerical]

Min:	Lower range:	Mean:	Upper range:	Max:	Unit:
					µm wide

757. Ascus tholus thickness 1. not thickened 2. thickened
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758. Ascus tholus iodine reactivity 1. Lugol’s negative 2. Lugol’s positive
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759. Ascus tholus iodine reaction kind 1. hemiamyloid 2. euamyloid
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760. Ascus tholus iodine reaction colour 1. + red 2. + light blue 3. + dark blue
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761. Ascus tholus amyloidy pattern 1. with amyloid tube 2. with amyloid cap 3. entirely amyloid throughout
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767. Ascus ocular chamber presence 1. absent 2. present
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768. Ascus ocular chamber development 1. indistinct 2. narrow 3. broad
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769. Ascus dehiscence type 1. prototunicate 2. lecanoralean 3. unitunicate 4. verrucarial 5. bitunicate
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778. Exoascus {euamyloid} reactivity () 1. in in Lugol's Solution Solution negative ()

779. Exoascus {hemiamyloid} reactivity () 1. not hemiamyloid ()

780. Endoascus {hemiamyloid} reactivity 1. not hemiamyloid 2. inner layer hemiamyloid 3. all layers hemiamyloid
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Ascospores

784. Ascospore number [categorical] 2. c. 4 per ascus 3. c. 8 per ascus
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786. Ascospore shape 1. globose 4. ellipsoid 5. broadly ellipsoid 6. ovoid 10. oblong-obtuse 11. oblong 13. cylindrical 16. fusiform 17. filiform 23. clavate 28. semilunate 31. reniform (incl. fabiform) 32. curved 35. allantoid 36. bifusiform (incl. biclavate) 39. irregular
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787. Ascospore length [numerical]

Min:	Lower range:	Mean:	Upper range:	Max:	Unit:
					µm long

788. Ascospore width [numerical]

Min:	Lower range:	Mean:	Upper range:	Max:	Unit:
					µm wide

790. Ascospore attenuation 1. obtuse 2. aciculate
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792. Ascospore septum presence 1. absent 2. present
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793. Ascospore septum orientation () 1. transversely septate ()

795. Ascospore {median} septum number [numerical]

Min:	Lower range:	Mean:	Upper range:	Max:	Unit:
					-transversally septate

800. Ascospore cell lumen size [categorical] 1. even (all cells of equal size) 2. constricted in the centre (apically and basally enlarged) 3. tapered (swollen in the centre)
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802. Ascospore wall width [categorical] 1. thin 2. thick
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804. Ascospore wall differentiation {visible in the light microscope} () 2. distinctly differentiated (into primary and secondary wall) ()

807. {septal} ascospore wall thickening () 1. absent ()

808. Ascospore wall lateral septal constrictions 1. absent 2. present
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809. Ascospore wall pigment development 1. remaining hyaline 2. becoming pigmented
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810. Ascospore wall pigmentation 1. hyaline (translucent) 4. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown) 5. middle brown 7. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)
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811. Ascospore wall iodine reactivity {euamyloid} () 1. in Lugol's Solution negative ()

812. Ascospore perispore ornamentation 1. not ornamented (psilate, smooth) 2. ornamented
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814. Ascospore mucilaginous sheath width [categorical] 1. indistinctly halonate (mucilaginous sheath absent or thin) 2. distinctly halonate (with a thick mucilaginous sheath)
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Conidioma Morphology

816. Conidiomata presence [mandatory character] 1. absent 2. present
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817. Conidiomata kind 1. pycnidial 2. hyphomycetous 3. hyphophorous 4. campylidial
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818. Conidiomata abundance 1. sparse 2. moderately abundant 3. strongly abundant
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819. Conidiomata exposure 1. immersed 2. adnate (semi-immersed) 3. sessile 4. stipitate
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820. Conidiomata length [numerical]

Min:	Lower range:	Mean:	Upper range:	Max:	Unit:
					µm long

821. Conidiomata width [numerical]

Min:	Lower range:	Mean:	Upper range:	Max:	Unit:
					µm wide

826. Conidiomata location () 2. laminal (on thallus) ()

Conidioma Anatomy: Pycnidia

833. Pycnidium shape 1. globular 2. subglobular 6. pyriform
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835. Pycnidium compartmentalization 1. unilocular 2. plurilocular
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836. Pycnidium wall distinctiveness 1. indistinct 2. distinct
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838. Pycnidium wall pigmentation 1. hyaline (translucent) 30. brown 31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown) 33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)
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849. Pycnidium ostiole pigmentation 6. black 10. brownish red (= reddish brown) 30. brown
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Conidioma Anatomy: Conidia

873. Conidium shape 1. globose 4. ellipsoid 11. bacilliform 16. fusiform 17. filiform 32. reniform 33. curved 39. sigmoid
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874. Conidium size [categorical] 1. microconidial 3. macroconidial
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879. Conidium length [numerical]

Min:	Lower range:	Mean:	Upper range:	Max:	Unit:
					µm long

880. Conidium width [numerical]

Min:	Lower range:	Mean:	Upper range:	Max:	Unit:
					µm wide

882. Conidium septation: presence 1. absent 2. present
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884. {transversal} conidium septation [numerical]

Min:	Lower range:	Mean:	Upper range:	Max:	Unit:
					-septate

886. Conidium cell wall pigmentation 1. hyaline (translucent) 2. pigmented
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Chemistry: Secondary Metabolites

913. Known secondary metabolites: presence 1. absent 2. present
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915. Known secondary metabolites: name 52. 2'-O-demethylpsoromic acid 224. arthoniaic acid 225. arthonin 226. arthothelin (2,4,5-trichloronorlichexanthone) 231. atranorin 249. chiodectonic acid 258. confluentic acid 262. connorstictic acid 300. erythrin 336. gyrophoric acid 382. lecanoric acid 388. lepraric acid 470. norstictic acid 489. pannaric acid 496. perlatolic acid 512. protocetraric acid 521. psoromic acid 533. roccellic acid 542. schizopeltic acid 549. skyrin
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916. Known secondary metabolites: substance class 1. amino acid derivatives 2. (higher) aliphatic acids 3. (anthra-)quinones 4. benzyl esters 5. chromones 6. dibenzofurans [and usnic acids] 7. diphenyl ethers 8. orcinol depsides 9. orcinol depsidones 10. ß-orcinol depsides [incl. atranorin] 11. ß-orcinol depsidones 12. pulvinic acid derivatives 13. secalonic acids 14. (tri-)terpenoids 15. xanthones
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917. Unknown secondary metabolites: presence 1. absent 2. present
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921. Calcium oxalate crystals: presence 1. absent 2. present
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Chemistry: Spot Tests

926. Spot test reactions 1. absent 2. present
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927. Upper surface K reactivity 1. – (negative) 2. + deep yellow 4. + yellow changing to red 5. + red
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928. Upper surface C reactivity 1. – 3. + bright yellow 5. + red
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930. Upper surface KC reactivity 1. – 2. + deep yellow 4. + yellow changing to red 5. + red
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931. Upper surface PD reactivity 1. – 2. + yellow 5. + red 8. + orange
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932. Cortex K reactivity 1. – 2. + deep yellow 4. + yellow changing to red 5. + red
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933. Cortex C reactivity 1. – 3. + bright yellow (citrine, lemon) 5. + red
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935. Cortex KC reactivity 1. – 2. + deep yellow 4. + yellow changing to red 5. + red
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936. Cortex PD reactivity 1. – 2. + yellow 5. + red 8. + orange
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937. Medulla K reactivity 1. – 2. + yellow 4. + yellow changing to red 5. + red
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938. Medulla C reactivity 1. – 3. + bright yellow (citrine, lemon) 5. + red
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940. Medulla KC reactivity 1. – 2. + yellow 4. + yellow changing to red 5. + red
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941. Medulla PD reactivity 1. – 2. + deep yellow 5. + red 9. + orange
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956. Ascocarp margin (in section) K reactivity 1. – 5. + red 10. + green
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981. Consistency K-reactive pigments 1. amorphous 2. minutely granular 3. coarsely granular 4. crystallized
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Index of all items of the project

In case that additional characters and states are required to be included in this data set, consult the LIAS Instructions to Participants and follow the procedures described there.

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